ces awfully'sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 30 fect of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and diffi. cult ascent, four times as high.

History. The first settlement was made in Kentucky, in 1773, by Col. Daniel Boone. It formed a part of Virginia till 1790; and in 1792, was admitted into the Union as an independent state.

Chief towns. Columbus, the seat of government, was first laid out in 1812. It is situated in the Scioto, in the central part of the state, 45 miles N. of Chillicothe, and contains a handsome state house, Population 1,500.

Cincinnati is the largest town in the Western States. It is pleasantly situated on the Ohio, 465 miles below Pittsburg by water, 300 by land. It is a very flourishing town, regularly laid out, handsomely built of brick, and has a flourishing trade, and extensive manufactures. Pop. 9,600. Chillicothe, on the Scioto, 90 miles E. by N. of Cincinnati, is the second town in size, and has considerable trade and manufactures. Pop. 2,400.

Steubenville, on the Ohio, 38 miles by land below Pittsburg, and Zanesville, on the Muskingum, 60) miles E. of Columbus, have flourishing manufactures, and contain each upwards of 2,000 inhabitants.

Circleville, on the Scioto, 24 miles S. of Columbus, is remarkable on account of its site. It is built on two large ancient forts, one a circle, the other a square. The other principal towns are Marietta, Dayton, New Lancaster, New Lisbon, St. Clairsville, Urbana, Lebanon, and Gallipolis.

Education. The principal literary institutions are the Ohio University at Athens, and the Medical College at Cincinnati.

Rivers. The Ohio forms the southern boundary. The principal rivers flowing into the Chio, in this state, are the Muskingum, Hockhocking, Scioto, and Miami.

The largest that flow into Lake Erie are the Maumee, Sandusky, and Cuyahoga.

Face of the country. The eastern and south-eastern parts are hilly and broken, but there are no high mountains; the other parts are generally level or moderately uneven; in some parts marshy.

Soil. A large proportion of the soil is fertile. The country watered by the Scioto and the Great and Little Miamies, is accounted the best.

Minerals. Iron ore, coal, limestone, and freestone are abundant. There are valuable salt springs, near the Scioto and Muskingum.

Antiquities. Ohio contains many of those remarkable forts and mounds, which are found throughout the western country. Some of the most considerable of these memorials of the ancient inhabitants are at Marietta, Worthington, Circleville, Granville, and on Paint Creek, 18 miles SW. of Chillicothe.

History. Ohio has had a very rapid growth. The first regular settlement was made at Marietta in 1788, but it did not increase rapidly till 1795. It was erected into a state in 1802, and in 1820, contained a population of 581,000.

Towns. The towns in Indiana are small, and all of them, except Vincennes, have been recently settled.

Indianopolis, the seat of government, is about 110 miles N. of Louisville, Kentucky. It was first laid out in 1821. Vincennes, on the Wabash, about 100 miles from the Ohio, is the oldest town.

Madison, on the Ohio, 65 miles SW. of Cincinnati, is one of the largest and most flourishing towns.

Vevay, on the Ohio, 22 miles E of Madison, was settled by Swiss. Here are vineyards which yield annually from 5, to 8,000 gallons of wine.

Corydon, the late seat of government, is 25 miles W. of Louisville,

Rivers. The Ohio forms the southern boundary. The other large river is the Wabash, which is navigable for boats 400 miles. Other rivers are White river, Whitewater, Tippecanoe, Illinois, and St. Joseph's.

Face of the country. Near the Ohio the country is hilly, further north generally level, and abounding in extensive prairies.

Caves. There are several caves, some of which are of considerable extent, and contain saltpetre, Epsom salts, and stalactites.

History. Vincennes was settled in 1730 by the French from Lower Canada; but few settlements, however, were made in the country till since 1800. In 1816 it was erected into a state.

Towns. All the towns in this state are small, and most of them very recently settled.

Vandalia, the seat of government, is pleasantly situated on the Kaskaskia, 65 miles NE. of St. Louis. It is a new and flourishing town, and contains a state house and state bank.

Edwardsville, about 70 miles N. of St. Louis, is one of the largest and most flourishing towns.

Kaskaskia, on the river Kaskaskia, 6 miles east of the Mississippi, was formerly the seat of government, and is one of the most considerable towns. Some of the other most important towns are Shawneeton, Brownsville, Cahokia, and America.

Rivers. The Mississippi bounds this state on the west, the Ohio on the south, and the Wabash forms a part of the eastern boundary.

The Illinois has the most of its course in this state, and affords a boat navigation to within a few miles of lake Michigan.

Some of the other rivers are the Kaskaskia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, and Rock river.

Face of the country.

The face of the country is gener

ally level or moderately uneven.

This state is remarkable

for its extensive prairies, which comprise as much as one half or two thirds of the whole country.

Salt springs are found in several places, and in the neighbourhood of Shawneetown there are extensive salt works.

Minerals. Coal occurs in great abundance. Lead, iron, and copper are also found.

History. Kaskaskia, and Cahokia were settled by the French about 1756. Almost all the settlements, made by the citizens of the United States, have been formed since 1800. In 1818, Illinois was erected into a state.

Towns. St. Louis, on the Mississippi, 18 miles below the

junction of the Missouri, is the largest town.

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