The number of threads each cable is compofed of is always proportioned to its length and thicknefs; and it is by this number of threads that its weight and value are afcertained: thus, a cable of three inches circumference, or one inch diameter, ought to consist of 48 ordinary threads, and to weigh 192 pounds; and on this foundation is calculated the following table, very useful for all people engaged in marine commerce, who fit out merchantmen for their own account, or freight them for the account of others. A table of the number of threads and weight of cables of different circumferences.

Strafford, and lord Collington, with the fecretaries of ftate. Yet fome pretend to find the fubftance of a cabinet council of much greater antiquity, and even allowed by parliament, who anciently fettled a quorum of perfons most confided in, without whose prefence no arduous matter was to be determined; giving them power to act without confulting the rest of the council. As long fince as the 28th of Henry III. a charter paffed in affirmance of the ancient rights of the kingdom; which provided, that four great men, chofen by common confent, who were to be confervators of the kingdom, among other things, fhould fee to the difpofing of monies given by parliament, and appropriated to particular ufes; and parliaments were to be fummoned as they fhould advife. But even of thefe four, any two made a quorum; and generally the chief juftice of England, and chancellor, were of the number of the confervators. Matth. Par. 28. Hen. III. In the firft of Henry VI. the parliament provides, that the quorum for the privy council be fix, or four at least ; and that in all weighty confiderations, the dukes of Bedford and Gloucester, the king's uncles, fhould be prefent; which feems to be erecting a cabinet by law.

CABIRI, a term in the theology of the ancient Pagans, fignifying great and powerful gods; being a name given to the gods of Samothracia. They were alfo worshipped in other parts of Greece, as Lemnos and Thebes, where the cabiria were celebrated in honour of them; thefe gods are faid to be, in number, four, viz. Axieros, Axiocerfa, Axiocerfus, and Cafmilus. CABIRIA, feftivals in honour of the Cabiri, celebrated in Thebes and Lemnos, but efpecially in Samothracia, an island confecrated to the Cabiri. All who were initiated into the myfteries of thefe gods, were thought to be fecured thereby from ftorms at sea, and all other dangers. The ceremony of initiation was performed by placing the candidate, crowned with olive branches, and girded about the loins with a purple ribband, on a kind of throne, about which the priests, and perfons before initiated, danced.

CABLE, a thick, large, ftrong rope, commonly of hemp, which ferves to keep a fhip at anchor.

There is no merchant-ship, however weak, but has at least three cables; namely, the chief cable, or cable of the sheet-anchor, a common cable, and a smaller one.

Cable is also faid of ropes, which ferve to raise heavy loads, by the help of cranes, pullies, and other engines. The name of cable is usually given to fuch as have, at least, three inches in circumference; thofe that are lefs are only called ropes, of different names according to their use.

Every cable, of whatsoever thicknefs it be, is compofed of three ftrands; every ftrand of three ropes ; and every rope of three twifts: the twift is made of more or lefs threads, according as the cable is to be thicker or thinner.

In the manufacture of cables, after the ropes are made, they ufe fticks, which they pafs firft between the ropes of which they make the ftrands, and afterwards between the ftrands of which they make the cable, to the end that they may all twift the better, and be more regularly wound together; and alfo, to prevent them from entwining or entangling, they hang, at the end of each strand and of each rope, a weight of lead or of flone.

Circumf 3 inches

4

36

Threads. 48

Weight.

77

192 pounds. 308

1943

7772

Sheet-Anchor CABLE, is the greateft cable belonging to a ship.

Stream CABLE, a hawfer or rope, fomething fmaller than the bowers, and used to moor the ship in a river, or haven, fheltered from the wind and fea, &c.

Serve or Plate the CABLE, is to bind it about with ropes, clouts, &c. to keep it from galling in the hawfe. To fplice a CABLE, is to make two pieces faft toge ther, by working the feveral threads of the rope the one into the other.

Pay more CABLE, is to let more out of the fhip. Pay cheap the Cable, is to to hand it out apace. Veer more Cable, is to let more out, &c.

CABLE'S Length, a measure of 120 fathoms, or of the ufual length of the cable.

CABLED, in heraldry, a term applied to a crofs formed of the two ends of a fhip's cable; fometimes alfo to a crofs covered over with rounds of rope; more properly called a cross corded.

CABLED Flute, in architecture, fuch flutes as are filled up with pieces in the form of a cable.

CABO DE ISTRIA, the capital town of the province of Iftria, in the territory of Venice; and the fee of a bishop. It is feated on a small island in the gulf of Venice, and is joined to the main land by draw-bridges. E. Long. 14. 22. N. Lat. 45. 49.

CABOCHED, in heraldry, is when the heads of beafts are borne without any part of the neck, full-faced. CABOLETTO, in commerce, a coin of the republic of Genoa, worth about 3d. of our money.

CABOT (Sebaftian), the first discoverer of the continent of America, was the fon of John Cabot a Ve. netian. He was born at Briftol in 1477; and was taught by his father arithmetic, geometry, and cofmo

graphy.

Cabra

Cabot, graphy. Before he was 20 years of age he made feveral voyages. The firft of any confequence feems to have been made with his father, who had a commiffion from Henry VII. for the discovery of a north-weft paffage to India. They failed in the fpring of 1497; and proceeding to the north-west they difcovered land, which for that reason they called Primavifta, or Newfoundland. Another fmaller ifland they called St John, from its being difcovered on the feast of St John Baptift; after which, they failed along the coaft of .America as far as Cape Florida, and then returned to England with a good cargo, and three Indians aboard. Stowe and Speed afcribe thefe difcoveries wholly to Sebastian, without mentioning his father. It is probable that Sebaftian, after his father's death, made feveral voyages to thefe parts, as a map of his difcove. ries, drawn by himself, was hung up in the privy garden at Whitehall. However, hiftory gives but little account of his life for near 20 years; when he went to Spain, where he was made pilot-major, and intrusted with reviewing all projects for discoveries, which were then very numerous. His great capacity and approved integrity induced many eminent merchants to treat with him about a voyage by the new found ftraits of Magellan to the Moluccas. He therefore failed in 1525, firft to the Canaries; then to the Cape Verd islands; thence to St Auguftine and the island of Patos; when fome of his people beginning to be mutinous, and refufing to pass through the ftraits, he laid afide the defign of failing to the Moluccas; left fome of the principal mutineers upon a defart island; and, failing up the rivers of Plate and Paraguay, discovered, and built forts in, a large tract of fine country, that produced gold, filver, and other rich commodities. He thence difpatched meffengers to Spain for a fupply of provifions, ammunition, goods for trade, and a recruit of men: but his requeft not being readily complied with, after ftaying five years in America, he returned home; where he met with a cold reception, the merchants being difpleafed at his not having purfued his voyage to the Moluccas, while his treatment of the mutineers had given umbrage at court. Hence he returned to England; and being introduced to the Duke of Somerset, then lord protector, a new office was erected for him: he was made governor of the mystery and company of the merchant-adventurers for the discovery of regions, dominions, iflands, and places unknown; a penfion was granted him, by letters-patent, of 1661. 138. 4d. per annum; and he was confulted in all affairs relative to trade. In 1522, by his intereft, the court fitted out fome ships for the discovery of the northern parts of the world. This produced the firft voyage the English made to Ruffia, and the beginning of that commerce which has ever fince been carried on between the two nations. The Ruffia company was now founded by a charter granted by Philip and Mary; and of this company Sebaftian was appointed governor for life. He is faid to be the firft who took notice of the variation of the needle, and who published a map of the world. The exact time of his death is not known, but he lived to be above 70 years of age.

CABRA, a town of the kingdom of Tombut in Africa. It is a large town, but without walls; and is feated on the river Niger, about 12 miles from Tombut. The houses are built in the fhape of bells; and

Cabulistan.

the walls are made with stakes or hurdles, plastered Cahul, with clay, and covered with reeds after the manner of thatch. This place is very much frequented by negroes who come here by water to trade. The town is very unhealthy, which is probably owing to its low fituation. The colour of the inhabitants is black, and their religion a fort of Mahometanifm. They have plenty of corn, cattle, milk, and butter; but falt is very fcarce. The judge who decides controverfies is appointed by the king of Tombut. E. Long. o. 50. N. Lat. 14. 21.

CABUL, or GABOUL, a city of Afia, and capital of the province of Cabuliftan. It lies in E. Long. 68.15. N. Lat. 33. 30. on the frontiers of Great Bukharia, on the fouth fide of the mountains which divide the territories of the Mogul from that part of Great Tartary. It is one of the fineft places in that part of the world; large, rich, and very populous. As it is confidered as the key of the great Mogul's dominions on that fide, great care is taken to keep its fortifications in repair, and a numerous garrifon is maintained for its fecurity. It lies on the road between Samarcand and Lahor; and is much frequented by the Tartars, Perfians, and Indians. The Ubec Tartars drive there a great trade in flaves and horfes, of which it is faid that no fewer are fold than 60,000 annually. The Perfians bring black cattle and fheep, which renders provifions very cheap. They have alfo wine, and plenty of all forts of eatables. The city ftands on a little river which falls into the Indus, and thereby affords a short and fpeedy paffage for all the rich commodities in the country behind it, which, when brought to Cabul, are there exchanged for slaves and horfes, and then conveyed by merchants of different countries to all parts of the world. The inhabitants are most of them Indian pagans, though the officers of the Mogul and most of the garrifon are Mahometans.

CABULISTAN, a province of Afia, formerly belonging to the Great Mogul; but ceded in 1739 to Kouli Khan, who at that time governed Perfia. It is bounded on the north by Bukharia, on the east by Caschmire, on the weft by Zabulistan and Candahar, and on the fouth by Multan. It is 250 miles in length, 210 in breadth, and its chief town is Cabul. This country in general is not very fruitful; but in the vales they have good pafture-lands. The roads are much infefted with banditti; which obliges the natives to have guards for the fecurity of travellers. The religion of the Cabuliftans is pagan; and their extraordinary time of devotion is the full moon in February, and continues for two days. At this time they are clothed in red, make their offerings, dance to the found of the trumpet, and make vifits to their friends in masquerade dreffes. They fay, their god Crufman killed a giant who was his nemy, and that he appeared like a little child; in me mory of which, they caufe a child to fhoot at the figure of a giant. Thofe of the fame tribe make bonfires, and feaft together in a jovial manner. The moral part of their religion confifts in charity; for which reason, they dig wells and build houses for the accommodation of travellers. They have plenty of provifions, mines of iron, myrobolans, aromatic woods, and drugs of many kinds. They carry on a great trade with the neighbouring countries; by which means they are very rich, and are supplied with plenty of all things.

e

CABURNS,

CABURNS, on fhip-board, are fmall lines made of Cacalia fpun yarn, to bind cables, feize tackles, or the like.

Caburns,

CACALIA, in botany; a genus of the polygamia æqualis order, belonging to the fyngenefia clafs of plants. The receptacle is naked; the pappus hairy; the calyx cylindrical, oblong, and caliculated, or having a fmall calyx of very short fcales only at the bafe.

Species. 1. The fuaveolens, with a herbaceous ftalk, is a native of North America. It hath a perennial creeping root which fends out many talks, garnished with triangular spear-shaped leaves fharply fawed on their edges, of a pale green on their under fide, but a deep fhining green above, placed alternately. The ftalks rife to the height of seven or eight feet, and are terminated by umbels of white flowers, which are fucceeded by ob'long feeds covered with down. It flowers in Auguft, and the feeds ripen in October. The ftalks decay in autumn, and new one rifes in the fpring. This plant multiplies greatly by its fpreading roots, as alfo by the feeds, which are fpread to a great distance by the wind, the down which adheres to them being greatly affifting to their conveyance. The roots which have been caft out of Chelfea garden, being carried by the tide to a great diftance, have fixed themfelves to the banks of the river, and increased so much, that in a few years this fpecies may probably appear as a native of England. 2. The ficoides is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. It rifes with strong round ftalks to the height of feven or eight feet, woody at bottom, but foft and fucculent upward, fending out many irregular branches, garnished more than half their length with thick, taper, fucculent leaves, a little compreffed on two fides, ending in points, covered with a whitish glaucous farina, which comes off when handled. Thefe, when broken, emit a strong odour of turpentine, and are full of a vifcous juice; at the extremity of the branches the flowers are produced in fmall umbels; they are white, tubulous, and cut into five parts at the top. The leaves of this plant are pickled by the French, who efteem them much; and in doing this they have a method of preferving the white farina upon them, which adds greatly to the beauty of the pickle when brought to table. 3. The kleinia, with a compound shrubby stalk, grows naturally in the Canary iflands, but has long been cultivated in the English gardens. It rifes with a thick fleshy ftem divided at certain diftances, as it were, into fo many joints. Each of thefe divifions fwell much larger in the middle than they do at each end; and the ftalks divide into many irregular branches of the fame form, which, toward their extremities, are garnished with long, narrow, fpear-shaped leaves of a glaucous colour, ftanding all round the ftalks without order. As they fall off, they leave a fcar at the place, which always remains on the branches. The flowers are produced in large clusters at the extremity of the branches, which are tubulous, and of a faint carnation colour. They appear in Auguft and September, but continue great part of October, and are not fucceeded by feeds in this country. There have been ftones and foffils dug up at a very great depth in fome parts of England having very perfect impreffions of this plant upon them; from whence Dr Woodward has fuppofed the plants were lodged there at the univerfal deluge; and finding the impreffions of many other plants and animals which are natives of those iflands, he concludes that the water flowed hither from the fouth-weß. This plant has

Cachan.

been called the cabbage-tree, from the refemblance which Cacalia the stalk of it has to the cabbage: others have intitled it carnation-tree, from the fhape of the leaves and the colour of the flowers. Befides thefe, there are seven other fpecies, viz. the alpina, with kidney-fhaped leaves; the glabra, with fmooth leaves; the atriplicifolia, with heart-shaped finuated leaves; the papillaris, with a fhrubby ftalk guarded on every fide with broken rough footstalks; the ante-euphorbium,with oblong oval leaves; the fonchifolia, with lyre-fhaped indented leaves; and the lutea, with leaves divided into five acute parts. Culture. The three species described above are very eafily propagated. The firft will propagate itself, as already mentioned, either by roots or feeds. The fecond is eafily propagated by cuttings during the fummer months: Thefe fhould be cut from the plants and laid to dry a fortnight, that the wound may be healed over before they are planted. Moft people plunge the pots in which these are planted into an hot-bed, to promote their putting out roots; but if planted in June or July, they will root as well in the open air. Even branches broken off by accident have frequently put out roots when fallen on the ground, without any care. Thefe branches may be kept fix months out of the ground, and will take root if planted. This should have a light fandy earth, and in winter be placed in an airy glafs-cafe, where they may enjoy the fun and air in mild weather, but must be protected from frost. During the winter feafon the plants must have but little water; and in fummer, when they are placed in the open air, it should not be given to them too often, no? in great quantity. The third is also propagated by cuttings, and the plants require the fame culture; but must have a dry warm glafs-cafe in winter, and very little water, being fubject to rot with wet. In fummer they must be placed in the open air in a warm sheltered fituation, and in very dry weather refreshed moderately with water. With this management the plants will flower annually, and grow to the height of eight or ten feet. CACAO. See THEOBROMA. CACCOONS. See FLEVILLEA

CACERES, a town of Spain, in the province of Eftremadura, is feated on the river Saler, and noted for the exceeding fine wool which the sheep bear in the neighbourhood. Between this town and Brocos, there is a wood, where the allies defeated the rear-guard of the duke of Berwick, on the 7th of April 1706. E/ Long. 6. 47. N. Lat. 39. 15.

CACHALOT, in ichthyology. See PHYSETER. CACHAN, or CASHAN, a confiderable town of Perfia in Irac Agemi, where they carry on an exten five trade in filks, filver, and gold brocades, and fine earthen ware. It is fituated in a vast plain, 55 miles from Ifaphan. E. Long. 50. 2. N. Lat. 34. 10.

CACHAO, a province of the kingdom of Tonquin in Afia, fituated in the heart of the kingdom, and fur rounded by the other feven. Its foil is fertile, and in fome places mountainous, abounding with variety of trees, and particularly that of varnish. Most of these provinces carry on fome branch of the filk manufacture, but this most of all. It takes its name from the capi tal, which is alfo the metropolis of the whole kingdom, though in other refpects hardly comparable to a Chi nefe one of the third rank.

CACHAO, a city of the province of that name, in the kingdom of Tonquin in Afia, fituated in E. Long.

105.

Cachao. 105. 31. N. Lat. 22. 10. at about 80 leagues diftance from the fea. It is prodigiously crowded with people, infomuch that the ftreets are hardly paffable, especially on market days. These vaft crowds, however, come moftly from the neighbouring villages; upon which account thefe villages have been allowed their halls in particular parts of the city, where they bring and difpofe of their wares. The town itfelf, though the metropolis of the whole Tonquinefe kingdom, hath neither walls nor fortifications. The principal ftreets are wide and airy, but the reft of them narrow and illpaved; and except the palace royal and arfenal, the town hath little elfe worth notice. The houfes are low and mean, moftly built of wood and clay, and not above one story high. The magazines and warehoufes belonging to foreigners are the only edifices built of brick; and which, though plain, yet, by reafon of their height and more elegant ftru&ture, make a confiderable fhow among those rows of wooden huts. From the combuftibility of its edifices, this city fuffers frequent and dreadful conflagrations. Thefe fpread with fuch furprifing velocity, that fome thousands of houfes are often laid in afhes before the fire can be extinguished. To prevent thefe fad confequences, every houfe hath, either in its yard or even in its centre, fome low building of brick, in form of an oven, into which the inhabitants on the first alarm convey their most valuable goods. Befides this precaution, which every family takes to fecure their goods, the government obliges them to keep a ciftern, or fome other capacious veffel, always full of water on the top of their houfe, to be ready on all occafions of this nature; as likewife a long pole and bucket, to throw water from the kennel upon the houses. If these two expedients fail of fuppreffing the flames, they immediately cut the ftraps which faften the thatch to the walls, and let it fall in and wafte itfelf on the ground. The king's palace ftands in the centre of the city; and is furrounded with a flout wall, within whofe cincture are feen a great number of apartments two ftories high, whofe fronts and portals have fomething of the grand tafte. Thofe of the king and his wives are embellished with variety of carvings and gildings after the Indian manner, and all finely varnifhed. In the outer court are a vast number of fumptuous ftables for the king's horfes and elephants. The appearance of the inner courts can only be conjectured; for the avenues are not only fhut to all ftrangers, but even to the king's fubjects, except thofe of the privy council, and the chief ministers of state: yet we are told, that there are ftair-cafes by which people may mount up to the top of the walls, which are about 18 or 20 feet high; from whence they may have a diftant view of the royal apartments, and of the fine parterres and fish-ponds that are between the cincture and them. The front wall hath a large gate well ornamented, which is never opened but when the king goes in and out; but at fome distance from it on each fide there are two pofterns, at which the courtiers and fervants may go in and out. This cincture, which is of a vaft circumference, is faced with brick within and without, and the whole ftructure is terminated by wide fpacious gardens; which, though ftored with great variety of proper ornaments, are deftitute of the grandeur and elegance obferved in the palaces of European princes. Befides this palace, the ruins of one ftill more magnificent are to be obferved, and are called Libatvia.

6

The circumference is faid to have been betwixt fix and Cachao feven miles: fome arches, porticoes, and other ornaCachrys. ments, are ftill remaining; from which, and fome of its courts paved with marble, it may be concluded to have been as magnificent a ftructure as any of the eastern parts can fhow. The arfenal is likewife a large and noble building, well ftored with ammunition and artillery. The English factory is fituated on the north fide of the city, fronting the river Song-koy. It is a handfome low-built houfe, with a fpacious dining-roomin the centre; and on each fide are the apartments of the merchants, factors, and fervants. At each end of the building are fmaller houses for other ufes, as storehouses, kitchen, &c. which form two wings with the fquare in the middle, and parallel with the river, near the bank of which ftands a long flag-ftaff, on which they commonly difplay the English colours on Sundays and all remarkable days. Adjoining to it, on the fouth fide, is the Danish factory, which is neither fo large nor fo handfome. On the fame side of the river runs a long dike, whose timber and ftones are fo firmly faftened together, that no part of it can be stirred without moving the whole. This work was raised on thofe banks to prevent the river, during the time of their vaft rains, from overflowing the city; and it has hitherto anfwered its end; for though the town ftands high enough to be in no danger from land-floods, it might yet have been otherwife frequently damaged, if not totally laid under water, by the overflowing of that river. Some curious obfervations have been communicated to the royal fociety concerning differences be tween the tides of those feas and thofe of Europe, viz. that on the Tonquinefe coaft ebbs and flows but once in 24 hours; that is, that the tide is rifing during the space of 12 hours, and can be eafily perceived during two of the moon's quarters, but can hardly be obferved during the other two. In the fpring tides, which laft 14 days, the waters begin to rife at the rifing of the moon; whereas in the low tides, which continue the fame number of days, the tide begins not till that planet is got below the horizon. Whilft it is paffing through the fix northern figns, the tides are observed to vary greatly, to rife fometimes very high, and fometimes to be very low; but when it is once got into the fouthern part of the zodiac, they are then found to be more even and regular.

CACHECTIC, fomething partaking of the nature of, or belonging to, a cachexy.

CACHEO, a town of Negroland in Africa, feated on the river St. Domingo. It is fubject to the Portuguefe, who have three forts there, and carry on a great trade in wax and flaves. W. Long. 14. 55. N. Lat..

12. O.

CACHEXY, in medicine, a vicious ftate of the humours and whole habit. See (the Index fubjoined . to) MEDICINE.

CACHRYS, in botany: A genus of the digynia order belonging to the pentandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 45th order, Umbellata. The fruit is fubovate, angled, and corki or spongy rinded.

There are five fpecies, viz. the trifida, with bipinna ted leaves; the ficula, with double winged leaves; the libanotis, with fmooth furrowed feeds; the linearia,` . with plain channelled fruit; and the hungarica, with a : plain, fungous, channelled feed. All these are per-

ennial

Cactus.

Cachunde ennial plants, rifing pretty high, and bearing large um bels of yellow flowers, and may be propagated by feeds which ought to be fown foon after they are ripe; for if they are kept out of the ground till the next fpring, they often mifcarry. They muft alfo be fown in a shady border where they are to remain: for the plants, having long top-roots, will not bear tranfplanting fo well as many others. The Hungarians in the neigh bourhood of Erlaw, and those who border on Tranfylvania, Servia, &c. eat the root of the fifth fpecies in a fcarcity of corn for want of other bread.

CACHUNDE, the name of a medicine, highly celebrated among the Chinese and Indians, and made of feveral aromatic ingredients, the perfumes, medicinal earth, and precious ftones: they make the whole into a ftiff pafte, and form out of it feveral figures according to their fancy, which are dried for ufe: thefe are principally used in the Eaft Indies, but are fometimes brought over to Portugal. In China, the principal perfons usually carry a fmall piece in their mouths, which is a continued cordial, and gives their breath a very sweet smell. It is a highly valuable medicine alfo, in all nervous complaints; and is efteemed a prolonger to life, and a provocative to venery, the two great intentions of most of the medicines in ufe in the

Eaft.

CACOCHYLIA, or CACOCHYMIA, a vicious ftate of the vital humours, especially of the mafs of blood; arifing either from a disorder of the fecretions or execretions, or from external contagion. The word is Greek, compounded of xxx ill, and x juice.

CACOPHONIA, in grammar and rhetoric, the meeting of two letters, or fyllables, which yield an uncouth and disagreeable found. The word is compounded of xaxos evil, and pwn, voice.

CACOPHONIA, in Medicine, denotes a vice or deprivation of the voice or fpeech; of which there are two fpecies, aphonia and dysphonia.

CACTUS, in botany: A genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the icofandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 13th order, Succulenta. The calyx is monophyllous; fuperior, or above the receptacle of the fruit imbricated; the corolla polypetalous; the fruit an unilocular, polyfpermous berry. To this genus Linnæus has added the cereus and opuntia. There are 24 fpecies, all natives of the Weft Indies and Mexico.

The cacti are plants of a fingular structure, but efpecially the larger kinds of them; which appear like a large, fleshy, green melon, with deep ribs, fet all over with strong fharp thorns; and, when the plants are cut through the middle, their infide is a foft, palegreen, fleshy fubftance, very full of moisture. The fruit of all the fpecies is frequently eaten by the inhabitants of the West Indies. The fruits are about three quarters of an inch in length, of a taper form, drawing to a point at the bottom toward the plant, but blunt at the top where the empalement of the flower was fituated. The tafte is agreeably acid, which in a hot country muft render the fruit more grateful.

The cochineal animals are fupported on a fpecies called cactus cochenillifer.-The flower of the cactus grandiflora (one of the creeping cereufes) is faid to be as grand and beautiful as any in the vegetable fyftem: It begins to open in the evening about feven o'clock, is in perfection about eleven, and fades about four in No. 61.

the morning; fo that the fame flower only continues in perfection about fix hours. The calyx when expanded is about a foot in diameter, of a fplendid yel low within, and a dark brown without; the petals are many, and of a pure white; and the great number of recurved ftamina, furrounding the ftyle in the centre of the flower, make a grand appearance, to which may be added the fine fcent, which perfumes the air to a confiderable diftance. It flowers in July.

CACUS, in fabulous hiftory, an Italian fhepherd upon mount Aventine. As Hercules was driving home the herd of king Geryon whom he had flain, Cacus robbed him of fome of his oxen, which he drew backward into his den left they should be difcovered. Hercules at laft finding them out by their lowing, or the robbery being discovered to him, killed Cacus with his club. He was Vulcan's fon, of prodigious bulk, and half man half satyr.

CADAN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Zats, feated on the northern bank of the river Egia, in E. Long. 13. 34. N. Lat. 50. 20.

CADAŘÍ, or KADARI, a fect of Mahometans, who affert free-will; attribute the actions of men to men alone, not to any fecret power determining the will; and deny all abfolute decrees, and predestination. The author of this fect was Mabed ben Kaled Al Gihoni, who fuffered martyrdom for it. The word comes from the Arabic, p, cadara, power. Ben Aun calls the Cadarians the Magi, or Manichees of the Muffulmen.

CADE, a cag, cafk, or barrel. A cade of herrings is a veffel containing the quantity of 500 red herrings, or 1000 fprats.

CADE-Lamb, a young lamb weaned, and brought up by hand, in a houfe; called in the North, pet-lamb.

CADE-Oil, in the Materia Medica, a name given to an oil much in use in some parts of France and Ger many. The phyficians call it oleum cada, or oleum de cada. This is fuppofed by fome to be the piffelæum of the ancients, but improperly; it is made of the fruit of the oxycedrus, which is called by the people of thefe places cada.

CADE-Worm in zoology, the maggot or worm of a fly called phryganea. It is ufed as a bait in angling. See PHRYGANEA.

CADEA, or THE LEAGUE OF THE HOUSE OF God, is one of thofe that compofe the republic of the Grifons, and the most powerful and extenfive of them all. It contains the bishopric of Coire, the great valley of Engadine, and that of Bragail or Pregal. Of the 11 great, or 21 fmall communities, there are but two that fpeak the German language; that of the reft is called the Rhetic, and is a dialect of the Italian. The Proteftant religion is moft prevalent in this league, which has been allied to the Swifs cantons ever fince the year 1498. Coire is the capital town.

CADENAC, a town of France in Querci, on the confines of Rouergue, feated on the river Lot, in E. Long. 2. 12. N. Lat. 44. 36.

CADENCE, or REPOSE, in mufic, (from the Latin cadere to fall or defcend); the termination of an harmonical phrafe on a repofe, or on a perfect chord. See Music, art. 73-76, and 132-137.

CADENCE, in reading, is a falling of the voice below the key-note at the clofe of every period. In reading, whether profe or verfe, a certain tone is affumed which is called the key-note; and in this tone the bulk of the 5 words