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liii. 6. "All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath made the iniquities of us all to meet in him," (for so it is in the Hebrew.) Ver. 9. "He made his grave with the wicked." Ver. 12. "He was numbered with the transgressors, and he bare the sin of many." He was treated as the greatest of sinners. The Messiah being set forth in the form of a great sinner, he was, as it were, exhibited in the form of a very venomous serpent, according to the manner of representing things in the Old Testament, for there great sinners are represented as poisonous serpents. Ps. lviii. 3, 4." The wicked are estranged from the womb; their poison is like the poison of a serpent; they are like the deaf adder that stoppeth up her ear." Ps. cxl. 3. "They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders' poison is under their lips." In order to the Israelites being saved from death through the poison of the fiery serpents, the brazen serpent was set up as an ensign to the congregation or army of Israel. For the word translated pole, signifies ensign, which is the much more proper English of the word. This is in exact agreeableness to the prophecies of the Messiah. Isai. xi. 10. "And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign to the people." Here the word translated ensign, is the very same with that word translated pole in the xxi. of Numb. The brazen serpent was set up as an ensign, that it might be exhibited to public view, and the diseased are called upon to look upon it, or behold it. Thus in the prophecies men are from time to time called upon to behold the Messiah; Isai. xl. 9. "O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength. Lift it up; be not afraid. Say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God." We may well suppose, that when the brazen serpent was lifted up in the wilderness, there was proclamation made by heralds to that vast congregation, calling upon them to look on that. Isai. lxv. 1. "I said, Behold me, behold me, to a nation that was not called by my name." Chap. lxii. 10, 11. "Lift up a standard for the people. Behold, the Lord hath proclaimed to the end of the world, say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him." Zech. ix. 9-12. "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem; behold, thy king cometh unto thee. He is just, and having salvation-and he shall speak peace unto the heathen-by the blood of the covenant I will send forth thy prisoners-turn ye to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope." Isai. lii. 7, 8. "How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth

peace, that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation, that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth. Thy watchman shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing; for they shall see eye to eye, when the Lord shall bring again Zion." The way that the people were saved by the brazen serpent, was by looking to it, beholding it, as seeking and expecting salvation from it: as an ensign saves an army by the soldiers looking on it and keeping it in their view. Agreeably to this, it is said concerning the Messiah, Isai. xi. 10, "There shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek." And Isai. xlv. 22. "Look to me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth." And faith

and trust in the Messiah for salvation is often spoken of in the prophecies as the great condition of salvation through him. The Chaldee paraphrasts looked on the brazen serpent as a type of the Messiah, and gave it the name of the WORD. (Basnage's History of the Jews, page 367.)

The great agreement there is between the history of Joshua and the things said of him in scripture, and the things said of the Messiah in the Old Testament, strongly argues Joshua to be a type of the Messiah. There is a great agreement between the names by which he is called in scripture and the names and things attributed to the Messiah in the Old Testament. His first name was Oshea, Num. xiii. 8-16, which signifies Saviour. So the Messiah is called by the same name, a Saviour, Isai. xix. 20. “He shall send them a saviour and a great one." The word is of the same root with Oshea. So again the Messiah is called a saviour, Isai. xliii. 3. 11. Hosea xiii. 4. 9, 10. Obad. 21, and other places. So he is called Salvation, Isai. lxii. 11. "Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him." And this name is agreeable to what is abundantly spoken of in the prophets, as the great work and office of the Messiah, which is to be a Saviour and Redeemer, and to work out the greatest and most eminent salvation for God's people that ever was or will be; that which is therefore often called the Salvation. This name Oshea was by Moses changed into Jehoshua. Num. xiii. 16. "And Moses called Oshea, the son Nun, Jehoshua, i. e. the Lord the Saviour, or Jehovah our Saviour; which makes his name still more agreeable to the name and nature of the Messiah. And it is difficult to assign any other reason why Moses thus changed his name by the direction of the Spirit of God, but that it might be so. This is agreeable to those names by which the Messiah is called in the prophets Immanuel, God with us, and Jehovah our Righteousness. So Joshua is called the Shepherd, the stone of Israel; Gen. xlix. 24; agreeably to names by which the Messiah is often called in

the prophets. Joshua's name being the same with the Messiah's, and agreeable to his office, make it the more probable that it was that he might be a type of the Messiah; because it was frequently God's manner to presignify future things by the signification of names; as is evident in many instances. Joshua was God's elect; he was called to his office and exalted to his high dignity by God's election and special designation, agreeably to what is said of the Messiah in the prophets. He resembled the Messiah in things spoken of him by the prophets in many things wherein Moses did so; particularly in near access to God in mount Sinai and in the tabernacle. Exod. xxxiii. 11, and xxiv. 13, and xxxii. 17. Joshua was a man in whom was the Spirit in an eminent manner. Num. xxvii. 18. "Take thee Joshua, the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit ;" agreeably to what is often said of the Messiah in the prophets. It is said of Joshua that he was full of the spirit of wisdom. Deut. xxxiv. 9; agreeably to many prophecies of the Messiah. Joshua was both a king and a prophet. See Num. xxvii. 18, and Deut. xxxiv. 9, and Joshua the two last chapters. Herein he is like the Messiah. Joshua was the captain of the host of Israel, that fought their battles for them, and subdued their enemies, though many and mighty. He was their captain in their war with Amalek, and as we may suppose, the other enemies of Israel that they encountered in the wilderness; and he conquered the numerous and mighty enemies in Canaan; agreeably to what is represented of the Messiah every where by the prophets. He came up out of the Jordan when it was swelled with a great flood into Canaan; as the Messiah is spoken of by the prophets as coming up out of great affliction, terrible sufferings and death, into heaven, a land of rest and great delight. Great sufferings are in the Old Testament represented by the swelling of the Jordan. Jer. xii. 5. Joshua brought the children of Israel out of the wilderness and out of Bashan, and out of great waters into Canaan, a land of rest flowing with milk and honey, agreeably to Psalm lxviii. 22. "The Lord said, I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my people again from the depths of the sea:" and Isaiah xi. 10. "There shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people, and his rest shall be glorious." Hosea ii. 14, 15. "I will allure her and bring her into the wilderness and speak comfortably to her, and I will give her her vineyard from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope, and she shall sing there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt :" and agreeably to many prophecies that represent the salvation of the Messiah as a bringing of God's people into a state of liberty, rest, and joy, in Canaan, out of a state of bondage and great affliction in foreign lands,

comparing it to God's first bringing his people through the wilderness into Canaan, which were observed before; and agreeable to 'many prophecies which speak of God's people, as delivered from great misery, and brought into happy circumstances by the Messiah, and as therein partaking with the Messiah in his deliverance from his sufferings and advancement to a state of rest and glory. Joshua, in going before the children of Israel as the captain of the Lord's host, and bringing them into the land of Canaan, did that which is spoken of in the books of Moses and Joshua themselves, as the office of that angel of God's presence, who (as I have shown is evident by the Old Testament) was the same person with the Messiah, Num. xxiii. 20. "Behold I send an angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared." Verse 23. "For mine angel shall go before thee and bring thee in unto the Amorites and the Hittites," &c. Chap. xxxiii. 14. "My presence shall go with thee,. and I will give thee rest." Josh. v. 14. "Nay but as the captain of the Lord's host am I now come." Joshua was a most glorious conqueror, as the Messiah is every where represented to be in the prophecies. Joshua entered Canaan, conquered his enemies, and brought in his people to their rest and inheritance, by his righteousness or strict obedience to God's commands. Josh. i. 2, &c. "Go over this Jordan, thou and all this people, into the land which I do give thee-every place that the sole of your feet shall tread upon, that have I given unto you-from the wilderness, and this Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates.-There shall not a man be able to stand before thee.-Unto this people shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land which I sware unto their fathers to give them. Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe and do according to all the law which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand nor to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth, but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and thou shalt have good success." God promised that he would be with Joshua and would uphold him, and not fail him, till he had complete victory over all his enemies, agreeably to what is said of the Messiah, Isaiah xlii. 1-4. "Behold my servant whom I uphold. The smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth, and the isles wait for his law." Verse 6.

Lord have called thee in righteousness: I will hold thine hand: I will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people." Chap. xlix. 2. "He hath made my mouth like a sharp sword; in

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the shadow of his hand hath he held me, and made me as a polished shaft; in his quiver hath he hid me,." Verses 7, 8. "Kings shall see and arise; princes also shall worship, because of the Lord that is faithful.-In a day of salvation have I helped thee, and I will preserve thee and give thee for a covenant of the people." Psalm lxxxix. 20, &c. "I have found David my servant, with my holy oil have I anointed him, with whom any hand shall be established; mine arm also shall strengthen him. The enemy shall not exact upon him, nor the son of wickedness afflict him. I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him. But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him, and in my name shall his horn be exalted:" and many other places; and agreeably to the prophecies of the Messiah, God made his enemies his footstool. Josh. i. 3-5. "Every place that the sole of your feet shall tread upon," &c. with chap. x. 24. “Put your feet upon the necks of those kings," &c. Joshua, agreeably to the prophecy of the Messiah, was an intercessor for his people. Joshua x. The high walls of God's enemies came down before Joshua agreeably to the prophecies of the Messiah. Isaiah xxv. 12. "And the fortress of the high fort of thy walls shall he bring down, lay low and bring to the ground, even to the dust." Chap. "For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city he layeth it low, he layeth it low even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust. Chap. xxx. 25. "In the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall." Joshua destroyed the giants, Josh. xi. 21.; agreeably to this see Isaiah xlv. 14. " The Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over to thee.-In chains shall they come over, and they shall fall down unto thee." Isaiah x. 33. "And the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled." This seems to be connected with the prophecy in the beginning of 'the next chapter, in the next verse but one. God assisted Joshua in battle by destroying his enemies by great hailstones out of heaven. See, agreeable to this, Isaiah xxx. 30, and xxxii. 19. Ezek. xxxviii. 22. Joshua conquered among kings. Joshua made Israel to trample their haughtiest and strongest enemies under their feet. Josh. x. 24. See, agreeable to this, Isaiah xxvi. 7. Chap. xlix. 23 Zech. x. 5. Psalm lxviii. 23. Mich. vii. 10. Psalm xlvii. 3. Isaiah lx. 14. Psalm lviii. 10. Joshua did as it were make the sun stand still over Israel. Agreeably to those prophecies of the times of the Messiah's kingdom. Isaiah Ix. 20. Zechariah xiv. 6, 7. Joshua houghed the horses and burnt the chariots of the enemies of God's people in the fire. Josh. xi. 6. 9. Hag. ii. 22. “And I will overthrow the chariots and those that ride in them, and the horses and their riders shall come down." Psalm xlvi. 9. He maketh wars to cease to the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in

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