but an accurate scholar can hope to profit by. There is a similar impatience of arithmetical and geometrical discipline. 47. Thus there is a constant danger lest we should relapse into that slovenly style of scholarship which was so rudely exposed four years ago. Tutors and teachers are apt to become deadened by familiarity to blunders which strike a fresh examiner with the most unpleasant astonishment. The slightest remission of carefulness and severity, the least countenance given to the erroneous notions of education above mentioned, will open the door to an evil that is only too ready to return. 48. The progress on which I have congratulated Government is, of course, only relative. Time and means have been wanting to produce such a state of scholarship as I could, in the abstract, describe as satisfactory. A thorough reform has to strike root in the district English schools, and, as I have so often represented, a new class of instruction, preparatory to college, has to be supplied before the desired standard of scholarly accuracy can be reached. At present the first year at college has to be spent in what is properly school-work. 49. The University will be a powerful ally to the cause of accurate scholarship, and I look forward anxiously to its early commencement of operations.* 50. Central Examinations.-The way has been prepared for the University by the institution of examinations, designed to draw out the general results of the student's education, and not merely his knowledge of particular books, at several stages of his career, and in which no " cramming" will enable him to deceive the examiners or the public, as to the real state of his attainments. These are,-(1.) The annual examinations of *This is not the place for discussions on the theory of education, or I should have wished to develope the idea of a liberal education as being something very different from a multifarious heaping together of accom. plishments and information, and to enforce the fundamental truth that multum non multa should be the aim of a college student. But I venture to extract a passage on Study, from Sir William Hamilton's Discussions, the authority of which may weigh with some :-"As the end of study is not merely to compass the knowledge of facts, but, in and from that knowledge, to lay up the materials for speculation; so, it is not the quantity read but the degree of reading which affords a profitable exercise to the student. Thus it is far more improving to read one good book ten times Anglo-vernacular and English schools, conducted in the rainy season, by means of printed questions issued by the Director of Public Instruction, and oral interrogation by local committees. 51. (2.) The examination for college entrance and junior scholarships (candidates not to exceed nineteen years of age) held annually in April by the professors of the several Government colleges, by means of one set of printed questions, together with branch oral examinations conducted by committees at the several English schools at which candidates may be forthcoming. 52. Both these examinations are distributed under the heads of, 1, Language (English and vernacular); 2, Mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, and Euclid); 3, General knowledge, (a) history and geography, (b) common scientific information. 53. (3.) The examination for senior scholarships, in the Elphinstone and Poona colleges, conducted by special examiners appointed by Government, and coming in the middle of the student's college career. (Candidates must be of at least one year's standing in college, and not more than twenty-one years of age.) 54. Elsewhere in this Report and in the Appendix [A] will be found further information on the subject of these examinations as held during the past year. 55. The University will add to this series the B.A. examination at the end of the student's college career, and insert a matriculation examination that will correspond to, but of course not supersede, that for junior scholarships. 56. The record of these examinations will be, in fact, the history of English education in the Presidency. than to read ten good books once, and non multa sed multum, not much perhaps but accurate,' has from ancient times obtained the authority of an axiom in education from all who had any title to express an opinion on the subject." (Page 682.) And see the Report of the Indian Civil Service Examination Committee (Nov. 1854): "We are of opinion that a candidate ought to be allowed no credit at all for taking up a subject in which he is a mere smatterer. * * A single paper which shows that the writer thoroughly understands the principles of the differential calculus ought to tell more than twenty superficial and incorrect answers to questions about chemistry, botany, mineralogy, metaphysics, logic, and English history." * GOVERNMENT COLLEGES FOR JGENERAL EDUCATION. 57. Elphinstone College.-In my last Report I gave an account of the re-organisation of this college, and a sketch of its history since the examinations of 1854-55. The new regulations are working satisfactorily. They related, as may be remembered, to junior scholarships, senior scholarships, and junior and senior courses of study. 58. (a.) Examination for Junior Scholarships.-The examination was held in the last week of April by the principal and professors under printed regulations, which, together with the standard and questions, appear in the Appendix [C]. Thirteen junior scholarships, of Rs. 10 per mensem, were to be awarded. 59. Fifty-seven candidates, reduced to twenty-seven by the "preliminary" trial, presented themselves for examination at Bombay. Candidates also were examined (I do not know the exact number) at Rajkote, Broach, Surat, Rutnagherry, Sattara, and Kolapoor.* 60. The following elections were made : * I regret that no candidates appeared at Ahmedabad this year. Until arrangements are made for the lodging of students in Bombay under proper control, I fear we shall not have a supply of candidates from that city. Narozjee Manockjee Government English School, Rutnagherry. Surat. Free General Assembly's Institution. 61. The Rutnagherry school therefore bears the palm from the schools of Sattara, Surat, Broach, Kolapoor, and Rajkote. Sattara stands second; the Central School still retaining its clear superiority over all the schools in the Presidency. 62. The junior scholarship examinations, as at present organised, offer an increased area of selection to the college, and must exercise a powerful effect on the Mofussil schools, stimulating and directing their highest studies, and affording a ready means of comparing their efficiency. 63. Professors Sinclair and Hughlings favoured me with remarks on the deficiencies of the answering, and some practical suggestions that I embodied in the following Memorandum, and circulated for the instruction of the district schoolmasters. Next year I hope I shall be able to report an improvement in the points unfavourably adverted to. MEMORANDUM. The Director of Public Instruction, in circulating the following extract from the reports of examiners for junior scholarships at the Elphinstone College, requests that inspectors will carefully bear in mind the deficiencies there pointed out in the Government English schools, and the suggestions made for remedying them. Schoolmasters are desired to carry out the advice of the examiners as far as possible, and to report specially to the inspector what they propose to do with that end, and whether they are unable to execute the measures suggested, to any and what extent, and why. 2. Attention is also requested to the three last paragraphs of the Director of Public Instruction's Circular of 8th instant. (Signed) E. I. HOWARD, Director of Public Instruction. Poona, office of the Director of Public Instruction, 23rd August 1859. EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF EXAMINERS FOR JUNIOR SCHOLARSHIPS AT THE ELPHINSTONE COLLEGE. "The most notable deficiency this year is the very bad writing of the pupils from the schools at Broach and Kolapoor. "I beg to recommend most strongly that a printed copy of the mathematical papers set for this junior scholarship examination (and one of those of the last October examination, if obtainable) be pasted on a board, and hung up in each school, to give a direction to the mathematical studies. And if the masters would systematically, at least once a month, set a paper framed on the same plan, to be answered by their best pupils with the greatest care and without assistance, and would examine the answers and point out the defects in matter and style, an improved order of answering and a better observance of the directions would result. "English Paper.-In this paper all candidates were required by the printed directions to attempt the first and last questions. To this some candidates paid no attention whatever; some obeyed its letter but not its spirit, merely putting down something which they imagined might pass as an attempt. Others, again, in the attempts they made, so fully proved their unfitness to receive stipends, or the indulgence of a free education, on the strength of their English scholarship, as to render it unnecessary to examine their paper further. "The papers of the Mofussil in this class are, however, gratifying improvements on the average of what I have before |