All business announcements of special interest to our readers will be found on this page each month.

The editor and publishers gratefully acknowledge the constantly increasing support and favor extended to the WORLD during the past year; and the editor especially acknowledges the thousands of letters of commendation and good will that have reached the office within the past months. Nothing could be more helpful or more encouraging than these letters, containing so many expressions of kindly regard; and not less welcome have been the many hints and suggestions regarding the different departments of the journal. All have been carefully considered, and some adopted. The outlook for the future is bright. Your continued co-operation will enable us to place a still better journal in the hands of the teachers of America. And we ask our friends to keep the WORLD in mind during the summer vacation. At every teachers' meeting you attend, whether a summer school, institute or lecture, you can help by a friendly word. No kindly commendation is lost. A word from you will influence a subscription in many cases, and will always create an interest in the journal even if a subscription does not follow immediately.

Special Contributions Wanted.

Subscription Rules and Suggestions. Remember please that your name on our subscription list is kept with thousands of other subscribers, and it will enable us to serve you more promptly and satisfactorily if you will read carefully these rules and suggestions, and observe the same when communicating with us.

Price. The subscription price of the TEACHERS WORLD is $1 for a year of ten numbers. Single copies, 10 cents each. It is not published during July and August. It is sent postpaid to any part of United States and Canada. Price of foreign subscriptions, $1.30. The extra 30 cents is for foreign postage. How to Send Money by Mail.-The four following

cheerfulness,

self-control,

keeping promises,

Conditions.

promptness, kindness to animals, honesty.

Special Features.

Our subscribers will be glad to know that the Natural History Charts with accompanying lessons and the Cut Up Drawing Cards, so popular during the past year, will be continued this coming year. We take pleasure in calling the attention of our subscribers to the two-page Language picture given on pages 392 and 393. We mean to give you a large picture like this every month and we hope you will find it a great help.

Give Due Notice. Subscribers are sometimes surprised that they do not receive their papers, when as a matter of fact they have changed their post office address without giving us due notice. Be sure to give both old and new address when requesting change.

Where to Look for New School Aids.

New books and school supplies, are being constantly announced in the advertising columns of THE TEACHERS WORLD. We think teachers will find it worth their while to read them. We shall consider it a favor if you will mention THE TEACHERS WORLD when corresponding with any advertiser represented in its columns.

Notice.

We wish to give notice that John Warren Ball and K. M. Smith are no longer agents for THE TEACHERS WORLD.

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FDITORIAL JOTTINGS

If any one has earned the right to a two-months' rest it is the school teacher, whose work for ten months of the year is the most exacting, exhaustive, fatiguing of labors. Their vacation should be genuine rest, with plenty of change and variety. Good work always follows good rest.

If you could not find time during the school year to read even one book on the science of teaching, promise

Don't worry about your class. You do your level best and that is all that is required of men or angels.

A man may be known by the thoughts he thinks and his thoughts are largely determined by the books he reads.

Be brave in your defense of truth for it will prevail. Scorn deceit and indecision and fearlessly stand for that which is alone right and pure.

Don't forget the Summer Schools. They are all doing good work and offer rare advantages to teachers who have and have not had normal training.

Have you read the full report of the Committee of Ten? It should be studied by every teacher in the Union and may be had by writing to the Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C.

Make the boys and girls happy by sharing in their sports and encouraging them in their pleasures. Youth is the best part of life and teachers should never despise it or sneer at its delights.

should be a song.

One feature of the opening exercises in every school A good, gleeful song, sung by every one in the class is a tonic which will "rain influence" throughout the entire day.

As a teacher you are a strong factor in the development of the moral as well as the intellectual faculties of your pupils and it behooves you to live, act, and speak as should one engaged in the highest and holiest of callings.

We don't advertise books on this page, but we cannot refrain from asking all of our readers to read and study White's "School Management." It is one of the most help ful and immediately useful of books for teachers, and it gives aid and comfort just where it is most needed.

Find fault with no one but yourself if your class does not finish up the school year as well as you hoped it to do. The children have probably done as well as they could under your leadership. Had you been more effective your class would have given different results.

Make the closing days of your school beautiful with songs, pleasant exercises, and abundant good nature. By all means have a Public Day and invite all interested in the school to be present. Make the best possible display of your school and its work and let every one carry away the thought that your boys and girls are among the happiest in the land and you the most fortunate of teachers.

vacation to give due heed to the perusal of some book that will make you more in touch with the principles of your calling.

Be honestly proud of your calling. Don't apologize for being a teacher; it is one of the noblest of professions and no matter what your rank or grade in it keep in your heart an enviable pride in its value and power. Dignify it by your ability, force of character, honesty of purpose, and high mindedness.

Music is the language of the emotions and should have a large place in the school-room. Melody should always take precedence of harmony and songs should be sung that are full of the heart's power and feelings. Every session should begin and end with a cheery song, sung by every one in the class.

What think you of vertical writing? It is now attracting much attention and publishers are hastening to put on the market their copy books for this new style of penmanship. The adherents and the opponents of vertical writing are making themselves heard through the various periodicals of the teaching profession, and explanation, exposition and exaggeration are freely given. It may be a "fad" that will have only a short-lived run, and it may be a genuine reform that will come to stay. At any rate, it is worth looking into and experimenting with.

The next meeting of the National Educational Associa

inclusive.

tion will be held at Asbury Park, N. J., July 6 to 13 The place selected is one of the most attractive resorts on the Atlantic coast and has every facility for accommodating the thousands that are sure to be present this year. The railroads have made generous concessions in regards to transportation and prices for board are reasonable and within the reach of the poorest paid teacher. The managers confidently expect this to be the banner year of the Association and it is well if those planning to go to Asbury Park make definite arrangements as to lodging, etc., as early as possible.

You have taught during the past year the mechanical part of reading, before school comes to an end endeavor to make your pupils understand that the chief purpose in teaching reading is to enable them to grasp the thought on the printed page, and then follow this up with directions. for what they are to read this summer. Make a wise selection of titles of good books for the children of your school to read and recommend that they read these in their leisure hours. Strive to cultivate a habit of reading and of reading only good books. Recommend largely books on out-door life, natural history, etc. When school begins in the autumn question your pupils on the books they have

read.

Every sentence may be separated into its parts or elements, each of which is used to express an idea. Sometimes the idea is well expressed by one word, sometimes a group of words is used for a special purpose, and they, considered together, form an element.

Some elements are essential to the construction of a sentence. A few examples will readily lead pupils to select the parts necessary to form a statement, viz.: a subject and predicate, which may then be given as Pricipal Elements. All modifiers are dependent-therefore of inferior rank, and are called Subordinate Elements.

Elements are classified,

1. Substantive.

2. Verbal.

III. By their Office

3. Adjective.

4. Adverbial.

EXAMPLES OF SUBSTANTIVE ELEMENTS.

Words. No one should waste time.

I desire that

book.

Delays are dan

gerous.

Phrases.

Clauses.

To waste time is I regret that you have

wrong.

I hope to read

that book.

To delay is dan

EXAMPLES

Words. 1. A gold ring.

2. A wealthy

man.

3. A brick house.

4. A small cup.

5. A deep sea.

EXAMPLES

Words. (a) time. 1. Come to-day.

(b) place. 2. Come here.

(c) manner. 3. The child sings melodiously.

4. He reproved justly.

5. The woman wept sorrowfully.

6. The author wrote conscientiously.

gerous.

OF ADJECTIVE Phrases. A ring of gold.

A man of wealth.

A house of brick.

A cup of small size.

A sea of great depth.

OF ADVERBIAL
Phrases.

Come during this day.

Come to this place.

The child sings in a melodious

manner.

He reproved with justice.

The woman wept

in a sorrowful manner. The author wrote in a conscientious way.

Clauses. A ring which is gold.

A man who is wealthy.

A house which is

built of brick. A cup which is

small.

A sea which is deep.

ELEMENTS.

Clauses.

Come before this day is done.

Come where I

am.

The child sings because she is filled with melody. He reproved because he was just.

The woman wept because she was sorrowful. The author wrote because he was conscientious.

N. B.-As abverbs of manner are more common than those of time or place we have given more space to these than to the others.

Call attention of the pupil to the fact that some of the phrases already given consist only of one word to express an idea and one to show the relation, others have words introduced which modify the idea word.

Some of the clauses have only the subject and predicate and connective-some have either subject or predicate or

both modified. Give a few examples also of two similar modifiers of the same word connected by a conjunction, as: "A man of wealth and position," "A song which is new and which will be popular," thus showing that an element, whether a word, phrase or clause, may be

Simple-when it is the plain element without modifiers.
Complex-when it includes modifiers.

Compound-when it consists of two or more elements (either simple or complex) joined by a conjunction, expressed or understood, and both having same relation in the sen

(NOTE. The above is only a nucleus around which the teacher will gather material for many lessons.

METHOD. For each statement of fact call on pupils for illustrative work, until each is familar with that form, and can "tell it anywhere, even in Europe." Only in this way can grammar be made practical-and if not practical its value is best represented by x.

From the given illustrations ask the class to construct similar ones. Original work is of more value than "cutand-dried" lessons, but it sometimes needs judicious guiding. ED.)

DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE.

By the Author of "PRESTON PAPERS."
FIRST YEAR'S WORK.

IV.

Paraphrasing and Originating.

The child having been most judiciously taught to think, not crammed with meaningless words, during his first few months in school, now has a sufficiently extensive vocabulary with which to enter upon the market of barter or exchange.

Experiment first with simple sentences and childish thoughts expressed in childish words-from which you can later lead him up to the "dizzy heights" of written work and maturer thought.

Nettie, tell me something about your breakfast.

"It was good." (Teacher writes as Nettie dictates below.)

Tell me now, just as if I did not know anything about it. "I had a good breakfast this morning."

Now tell me as if you were speaking of some one else.

"Nettie had a good breakfast."

Yes, and can you not think of yet another way?
"She had a good breakfast."

And is there another way?

"Her breakfast was good." Yes, and now as if you yourself.

as if you were again speaking of

You have done well. Now who can tell me what words are used instead of Nettie's name?

"I." "She." "Her." "My."

Words that are used instead of name words are pronouns. Noun means, "name" and pro means for; pronoun means? Yes, Harry "For a name "is right, and all these words have been used for Nettie's name, so they are all? Yes, Gertrude, they are pronouns. Frank, can you tell me something about Harry's skates?

"They're sharp."