3. (a) At the general election in November. (b) County Judge, Surrogate. (c) Justice of Sessions. (d) The former, six years, the latter, one year. 4. Secretary of State, Comptroller, State Treasurer, Attorney-General, and State Engineer and Surveyor. 5. (a) The State Legislature. (b) The Board of Supervisors in counties having more than one assemblyman. 6. The preamble to the Constitution. 7. Between individuals and between States. When a dispute arises between two States the Supreme Court is empowered by the Constitution to decide between them. If citizens of different States have cause for litigation, the same authority makes it a matter for the United States Court. 8. The administrative officers are elected by the people to assist the Governor in administering the laws. The appointive officers are appointed by the Governor for the same purpose. Drawing. 5. (a) Object of the verb to recover, objective case. (b) Attribute (predicate noun)--agrees with himself in the objective case. 6. Answers will differ. 7. The Castilian writers say that with a voice easily heard over the silent assembly, he thus addressed them. 8. Examples. All, any, both, few, former, this, that, etc. 9. (a) Ex. The writing of letters occupied much time. (b) Ex. Honesty is the best policy. 10. Ex. The judge said, “Have you agreed?" Ex. The success of the expedition depends upon who commands it. Physiology and Hygiene. 1. A watery fluid exudes from the ends of the broken bone and forms gristle. This gradually toughens and holds the bones in place until sufficient mineral matter is secreted to complete the union of the broken parts. 2. () Down the arm or toward the hand. (") Up the arm or 1. The art of representing objects by means of lines and toward the shoulder. shades, to show their actual form or appearance. 3. Substances used to give relish or flavor to food; as pepper, mustard, horse-radish, salt, spices, etc. 4. The cartilages of the vertebræ, the curvature of the spine and the sutures used in joining the bones of the skull, all have a tendency to prevent such jars from reaching the brain. 5. Through the bronchi, windpipe, throat, nose and mouth. 6. (a) The optic nerve. (b) Auditory nerve. (c) Olfactory nerve. (d) Gustatory nerve. 7. It tends to weaken the plasma and to neutralize or destroy its nourishing properties; it also tends to change the size and form of the disks and to render them unfit to perform their functions. 8. Answers will differ. American History. 1. John and Sebastian Cabot, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Francis Drake. 2. Answers will differ. 3. (a) For being an important one of the cordon of French military posts surrounding the English colonies on the north and west. Captured by the English in the French and Indian war. (b) As the oldest permanent settlement in the United States, and for the annihilation of a Spanish garrison by an expedition from Georgia. (c) As the scene of the first conflict of the Civil War, and for its bombardment during that war. 4. The Mormons are a religious sect founded by Joseph Smith in western New York, settled in Nanvoo, Ill., 1840. Driven from Nanvoo by persecution, they settled in Iowa, re In marking, Commissioners will please notice measure in- moved thence to Missouri, and from there to Salt Lake City. dicated by dotted line in illustration, should be inch. 5. The persecution of English Catholics by the Church of England. Cecil Calvert or Lord Baltimore. 6. The treaty with China, the resumption of specie payments, the withdrawal of United States troops from the Southern States, the fishery awards. (Other correct answers may be given.) 7. War between France and England, in Europe, spread to their American colonies. 8. (a) One of the signers of the Declaration of Independence from New York. (b) Commander-in-chief of the Confederate army. (c) A prominent American statesman, Governor of New York, United States Senator, Secretary of State under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson. (d) An eminent historian. (e) The founder of the New York Tribune, and a prominent leader of political thought in both State and nation. Current Topics. 1. August 7, 1893. Charles F. Crisp. 2. To offer relief by legislation to the present financial troubles. 3. The Mediterranean fleet was engaged in evolutions, June 22, seven miles off the Syrian coast. The "Camperdown" [Continued on page 82.] BOOK REVIEWS. The Indian and the Pioneer.-An Historical Study. Bardeen. By W. The author is an enthusiastic student of Indian love and life and has made a special study of the Iroquois, who were the strongest, most warlike and highly civilized among the Indian nations found on the continent of North America. The Iroquois Indian is treated of in his home relations and life, in his social and political aspect, in his fasts and feasts, dreams and war feasts, oratorical powers, etc. The author exhibits striking power as a collector of facts and legends and arranges them in a most satisfactory manner. Her contribution is a most valuable addition to the literature of Indian life and will rank with the best extant. Outlines of Roman History.-By H. F. Pelham, Camden, making such a picture of history that others can see it. Special Geographical Spice.-By Eliza H. Morton, Author of Potter Series of Geographies, Lebanon, Ohio, March Bros. Price 75 cents. Most of the teachers in our public schools have but little time to search in libraries or in books they may have at home Fifty Lessons in Woodworking.-By Arthur A. Upham for brief descriptions of the great wonder flowers that bloom New York: E. L. Kellogg & Co. Price 50 cents. Prof. Upham has arranged, with no claim to originality of system, a series of fifty lessons for beginners in woodwork. He believes in manual training and believes it should be taught on correct pedagogical lines. The lessons begin with the use of tools after which follow lessons in operations on wood. In every case the pupil is obliged to make a working drawing and to work from this drawing. The student with this little book before him must learn rapidly and, if its functions are faithfully carried out, become fairly well-skilled in the right use of tools. in the gardens of the world, hence a book giving tried, tested, and reliable material of this kind must be welcome. This book does not contain a repetition of the facts commonly stated in all geographies. Descriptions of well-known natural curiosities have not been included, because the aim has been to provide spice that has not lost its flavor. The items are gathered from all portions of the globe and are intended to illustrate lessons that may be assigned every day in the year. The contents are arranged under appropriate geographical headings, so that items and illustrations for each day's lesson may be found at any moment. "Thou that teachest another, teachest not thou thyself?" HEATH'S PEDAGOGICAL LIBRARY. A select list of Books for Teachers and Educators. Dr. W. T. Harris, U. S. Commissioner of Education, writes: "I do not think you have ever printed a book on Education that is not worthy to go on any teacher's reading list, and the best list." The latest additions are: LANGE'S APPERCEPTION. Translated and edited by President CHARLES DEGARMO, of Swarthmore College, with the assistance of other members of the Herbart Club. Cloth 8vo. 285 pages. Retail price, $1.00. This book has the rare merit of being at once thoroughly scientific and intensely interesting. It will awaken more universal interest and stimulate more educational thoughts than any other single work that has been issued in this country in a quarter of a century. PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO EDUCATION. Translated from the French of Gabriel Compayré by WM. H. PAYNE, Chancellor of the University of Nashville. Cloth 8vo. 225 pages. Retail price, 90 cents. No book can be more commended for the thousands of teachers who are sincerely anxious to find a rational basis for their art, but who have neither the taste nor the leisure to master profounder treatises on the science and art of teaching. THE SCIENCE OF EDUCATION. Translated from the German of Herbart. Ready soon. D. C. HEATH & CO., Publishers, Boston, New York, Chicago, London. If you want to keep up with the Procession You must see that you have the best methods and the best text-books. There is no other subject in which it is so entirely established which is The Best as in PENMANSHIP. Wells's Natural Movement Method in Writing was adopted in more than forty large places last year. Supt. MELENEY put it in at Somerville, Mass., for instance. You know something of him, and whether he usually knows what he is doing. On August 21 they were adopted for exclusive use for three years in the city of Scranton, Pa. The book agents made a big fight against them, but these books went in on their merits. It is worth your while to investigate the system. It is going into all progressive schools, and those that adopt it first will be so much ahead. Write to us. For 25 cents you can get Wells's Manual of Penmanship, a complete self-instructor. C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. GERMANIA A monthly magazine for the Kindergarten and Primary Teachers, Language and Literature is highly recommended SEND A POSTAL CARD REQUEST TO Saws, Circular Saws MILTON BRADLEY COMPANY, and to interest him in his pursuit." Its BEGIN- and Manual Training Schools. 115 Ruby Street, ROOM 3, CLINTON HALL, by college professors and the press as "The best effort yet made to assist the student of German, NERS' CORNER furnishes every year a complete and interesting course in German Grammar. $2.00 a year. Single copies 20 cents. P. O. Box 151, Manchester, N. H. When writing to Advertisers please mention that you saw their advertisement in the "Teachers World." It was an inspiration that led Mr. Edward Smith for 23 years Superintendent of the Syracuse Schools to compile a History of Syracuse Schools. (Syracuse, N. Y., C. W. Bardeen.) Mr. Smith gives in elaborate detail the history of the schools in that city from its earliest settlement to the present year and by his study and research has rescued from oblivion in reports many facts that are of interest to all interested in public schools. From Syracuse have gone forth many notable and noble men and women to become teachers and the record is one the city may justly be proud of. Nearly 100 portraits are given together with biographies of the most prominent teachers. In management of matter, in selections of important facts, in illustrations, Mr. Smith's volume is a most satisfactory book. It may well serve as a model for other towns and cities. One of the most interesting movements in educational affairs is the efforts put forth to develop and foster the æsthetic faculty in children in our public schools. In every large city systematic lessons in the study of color are a part of the courses of study and experiments have been carried on by specialists to secure data on which to construct a proper and correct foundation for right instruction in this subject. A valuable work for teachers is a book under the title of Suggestions for Instruction in Color for Public Schools, by Louis Prang, Mary Dana Hicks and John S. Clark. (Boston: Prang Educational Co.) An arithmetic without rules, definitions, explanations, illustrative examples and pictures, strikes us as an anomaly, unless it goes under the name of a Book of Problems. But Mr. Wm. M. Peck's Advanced Arithmetic is as described above and yet is styled an arithmetic. The tendency in modern text-books on numbers is to cut out all that can be safely omitted of rules and definitions, but to make a book of problems and denominate it an arithmetic is to carry this tendency to its extremest issue. The problems in Mr. Peck's book are most carefully selected and admirably arranged. A striking feature is the arrangement of the problems into lessons consisting of 15 problems, 5 mental and 5 written. Teachers will find this book a valuable aid in their work. (New York: A. Lovell & Co. price 75 cents.) A novel with a purpose and that purpose the betterment of the working classes, a novel full of the intensity of its purpose and yet sacrificing in not one whit its interest as a love story, is a somewhat unusual sort of a story book. We have this kind of a story in Salome Shepard, Reformer, by Helen M. Winslow, (Boston: Arena Publishing Co.) Miss Winslow has made a thorough study of the subject of sociology, and she has also thoroughly investigated the workings of mill laborers. Imbued with a strong sympathy for the workers she has evolved a plan whereby their lives may be made more comfortable and their station in life elevated to a plane at once in harmony with the changed conditions of the age and in keeping with the true principles of universal brotherhood. charming double love story runs through the novel serving to aid in developing the scheme which is in no sense Utopian, but entirely practical and practicable. The story is admirably written, it is replete with true philosophy and it is interesting on every page. It deserves a large reading among teachers as well as among those immediately interested in its scope and purpose. Happiness at a cost Books of One Cent a Day. are the greatest sources of happiness within universal reach. The AMERICAN COOPERATIVE LIBRARY now makes the world's best literature all accessible to any one, in city or country, at a rate of cost of one cent a day for a dollar book; vast numbers of books cost only one-half to one-fourth of that price; all best cloth-bound large type editions, no paper covers or small type. Loaned Sold Any Book you want to read, time, as you desire. You can order through your county Post- a 2-cent stamp. Ben Hur for only 8 cents. "The Prince of India,' for only 14 cents, (a $2.50 book), "David Balfour," 8 cents, Lorna Doone," 3 cents; all of Scott's, Eliot's, Dickens's, Thackeray's and other standard authors, each 3 cents, if you can read them in seven days; these are examples; all excellent editions, no paper covered trash in small type. All the new books, a special feature. Little Women for 8 cts., Tom Brown 3 cents, "Little Lord Fontleroy," 11 cents, are other examples. It is positively cruelty to children not to give them the benefit of these and other measureless sources of happiness and good, when they can be had at such trifling cost. Send 2 cents for 160-1 Catalogue and full particulars. mention this paper when you write or call. In fact books cost nothing, if they increase the income of the reader more than their cost. There is not a person alice, who labors with hand or brain, who earns even $2.00 a week, who will not, by the stimulus of good books be helped more than one cent a day in his earning power. Think of that, and test it, parents, employers and workers. It is your own fault if you don't get the best books, instead of trash. all of them, for one to Magazines, cent three a day, or half that after the first month, or a quarter of it after two months. It is worth more than that just to look at the pictures. Think of it, all of them, for less than the cost of one heretofore: Harper, Scribner, Century, St. Nicholas, Forum, North American, Godey, and the rest, and all the books you can read besides, cost a patron of the AMERICAN COOPERATIVE LIBRARY less than the subscription price of one magazine. Hungry Readers and students generally need no longer go without books, all of them want, and books, since now the best cost less than half what trash has cost heretofore. Clergymen with small incomes. "starving" heretofore for want of access to the world's current literature, now have it all open to them-and not for personal use only, but as a power for good; organize Reading Clubs among your people and guide them in their selections-infinite power here. may also receive and confer inestimable pleasure Teachers and benefit upon themselves and pupils, by the means now offered. Increase your earning power by reading the best books. THE AMERICAN COOPERATIVE LIBRARY, 57 ROSE ST., NEW YORK. Α |