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ON THE LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS OF THE DISTRICT

AROUND LIVERPOOL.

By Charles Stuart Gregson.

(READ 19TH MARCH, 1857.)

(Continued.)

PART V. containing the GEOMETRIDE.

PART VI. containing the TORTRICIDÆ.

For the preceding portions of this paper the reader is referred to vol. vii. page 237, which contains the true NoCTUIDE; and vol. viii. page 158, which contains the diurnal LEPIDOPTERA, the SPHINGIDE, the BOMBYCIDE, and the PYRALIDE. Part vii. which will contain CRAMBIDÆ and TINEIDE is reserved for the next volume.

PART V. SECTION 9.

HETEROCERA.

FAMILY 1. GEOMETRE.

Genus 1. GEOMETRA, Linn.

G. papilionaria, Linn.-The larvæ not uncommon in April, on young Birches. Bidston Hill, Woolton, &c.

Genus HEMETHEA, Dup.

H. cythisaria, W. V.-Plentiful in Jackson's Wood, and at Bidston Hill. Flies at dusk. July.

Genus CHLORISSA.

C. putataria, Linn.-Abundant in lanes.

C. astivaria, Esp.-In lanes at dusk. June and July.

Genus METROCAMPA, Lat.

M. margaritata, Lin.-Bidston plantation, Birchwood, and Hale. July. Dusk.

Genus ELLOPIA, Steph.

G. fasciaria, Lin.-Larva on Scotch firs April and May. Prenton wood, Bidston; at sugar in July.

Genus OURAPTERYX, Leach.

O. sambucaria, Lin.-Pigue Lane, Woolton. July.

Genus RUMIA, Dup.

R. cratagata, Lin.-Everywhere in thorn hedges.

Genus PERICALLIA, Steph.

P. syringaria, Lin.-Hale, Warbrick Moor. Dusk. July.

Genus EURYMENE, Dup.

E. dolobraria, Lin.-Plantations, Rock Ferry, Dacre Park. Dusk.

Genus EPIONE, Dup.

E. apiciaria, W. V.-Not uncommon on the coast. August. Sugar, and flies at dusk.

E. parallelaria, W. V.-Plantation near Wallasey Mill.

Genus ENNOMOs, Dup.

E. illunaria, Hub.-Bidston, Hale, Warbrick Moor, Upton, and Speke. April and July.

E. lunaria, W. V.-Warbrick Moor, Hale, and Woolton. April and July. E. erosaria, W. V.-Bidston, Upton, and Hale. September at light.

E. fuscantaria, Haw.-Bidston and Walton. September.

E. tiliaria, Hb.-Old Swan, Clifton Park, at light plentiful. September.

Genus ODONTOPERA, Steph.

O. bidentata, Lin.-Plentiful about pine wood.

Genus CROCALLIS, Tr.

C elinguaria, Lin.-Thorn hedges, not scarce. July.

Genus HIMERA, Dup.

H. pennaria, Linn.-Bred by Mr. Edmondson, fed upon hollyhock. Plentiful at gas lamps. West Derby, Aigburth. October.

Genus MESIA, St.

M. favillacearia, Hub.-Simonswood moss, Stourton. June.

Genus MACARIA, Curt.

M. liturata, Lin.-Hale, Lydiate, and Dacre Park.

Genus HALIA, Dup.

H. wavaria, Lin.-Plentiful in gardens.

Genus NUMERIA, Dup.

N. pulveraria, Lin.-Not scarce at Prenton, Oxton and Stourton. May.

Genus FIDONIA, Stephens.

F. atomaria, Lin.—Abundant on the mosses; spring and summer.

F. plumaria, W. V.-Local upon Rainford moss, and upon a small moss near Eccleston. August.

F. piniaria, Lin.-In profusion in Kirby wood, and may be taken in the pine woods in Worral, July.

Genus EUPISTERIA, Boisd.

E. heparata, W. V.—Bidston Plantations, summer.

Genus ANISOPTERYX, Steph.

A. ascularia, W. V.-May be bred from curled sallow leaves. All around the district; is difficult to find in early spring, on tree boles and palings.

Genus HIBERNIA, Lat.

H. leucophæaria, W. V.-In oak woods, Eastham, February and March. H. rupicapraria, W. V.-Plentiful in old lanes, sitting upon thorn hedges, from 9 to 11 p.m.

H. progemmaria, Hub.-Abundant on thorn hedges in early spring, search with a lanthorn.

H. aurantiaria, Esp. On hedges around Aigburth and West Derby, occasionally at lamps.

H. defoliaria, Lin.-Plentiful at gas lamps in the autumn.

Genus PHIGALIA, Dup.

P. pilosaria, W. V.-Plentiful under stone copings in March and April, and at gas lamps.

Genus NYSSIA, Dup.

N. zonaria, W. V.-Plentiful on the sandhills at Crosby and Wallasey. March and April.

Genus BISTON, Leach.

B. prodromaria, Lin.-I have frequently taken this species at Bidston lighthouse, flies at the lanthorn. March and April.

B. betularia, Lin.-Plentiful at Bidston and West Derby.

Genus BOARMIA, Tr.

B. repandata, Lin.-Abundant, especially about Prenton. July.

B. rhomboidaria.-Abundant where ivy grows.

June and July.

Genus HEMEROPHILA, Steph.

H. abruptaria, Thunb.-May be found in fir woods, but especially in outhouses near fir woods. Summer.

Genus CLEORA, Curt.

C. lichenaria, W. V.-Wherever the trees are covered with Lichen, as at Prenton, Frankby, Hooton, and Spittal. June.

Genus TEPHROSIA, Boisd.

T. consonaria, Hub.-Single specimen from the neighbourhood of Upton.
T. crepuscularia, W. V.-On tree boles, Hale and Hooton. April.
T. punctularia, Hub.-Plentiful at Croxteth and Knowsley. April.

Genus GNOPHOS, Boisd.

G. quadripustulata, Don.-Plentiful on the rough ground between Poulton and Wallasey. July. Beat gorse bushes.

G. obscuraria, W. V.-Plentiful in the lane between Tranmere Hall and Prenton wood. July.

Genus PHASIANE, Dup.

P. palumbaria, W. V.-In profusion where gorse grows. July.

Genus LOZAGRAMMA, St.

L. petraria, Esp.-Very abundant in Eastham and other woods. May. L. ineolaria, W.V.-Common on the sand hills throughout the summer. Genus ANAITIS.

A. imbutaria, Hub.-Plentiful upon Simonswood and Bickerstaffe mosses. A. plagiata, Lin.-Childwall lane. July.

Genus EUBOLIA, Bdv.

E. cervinata, W.V.-Bidston.

E. mensuraria, W. V.-Common on waste lands.

E. bipunctaria, Fab.-In July, 1845, I took several poor specimens at
Hoylake. I have not collected there since.

E. multristrigaria, Haw.-Plentiful under tufts of grass in March.
Genus CIDARIA, Steph.

C. didymaria, Lin.-Everywhere.

C. erutaria, Boisd.-Stourton. July, on stone walls and bolls of firs.
C. salicaria, Hub.-Bidston Hill and Stourton. August.

C. ferrugata, Lin.-This insect is generally confounded with Ferrugaria, Boisduval, which is a variety of Unidentaria, Haw; it always occurs on hilly places, where heath and fern grow; is very distinct.

C. unidentaria, Haworth.-Abundant everywhere

C. pectinitaria, Fuessly.-Plentiful in woods where fern grows. June and July.

C. montanata, W. V.-Common everywhere in summer.

C. fluctuata, Lin.-Found everywhere.

C. propugnata, Fab.-Rather local, but plentiful in many thorn hedges. Saughal, Claughton, Wavertree. July.

Genus THERA, Steph.

T. firmaria, Hub.-Not scarce in Prenton wood, July.

T. simulata, Hub.-In fir woods, summer.

Genus ANTICLEA, Steph.

A. derivata, W. V.-In lanes and hedges between Oxton and Prenton. April,

G. badiata, W. V.--Where brambles grow. April.

Genus STEGANOLOPHIA, Steph.

S. ribesiaria, Dup.-Plentiful, Hale and Crosby.

Genus HARPALYCE, Steph.

H. suffumata, W. V.-Eastham and other woods.
H. silaceata, W. V.—Hale, Ditton, and Rainhill. June.
H. ocellata, Lin.-Plentiful at Wallasey. July.

H. galiata, W. V.-Common on the coast. Summer.
H. fulvata, W. V.-Plentiful on the coast. August.
H. chenopodiata, W. V.-Egremont and Rock Ferry.
H. marmorata, Hub.-Occurs in gardens, not plentiful.
H. pyraliata, W. V.-Plentiful in woods. June.

H. populata, Hub.-Stourton Quarry. August.

H. achatinaria, Hub.-Plentiful everywhere. July, August.

H. russata, W. V.-Plentiful in fir woods and plantations. August. H. immanata, Haw.-Not so plentiful as the last species, but generally found with it.

Genus PHESYLE.

P. miata, Lin.-Where willows and sallows grow. July.

P. psittacata, Fab.-Eastham wood, Knowsley, and Speke. August.

Genus YPSIPETES, St.

Y. impluviata, W. V.-Where alders and willows grow. May and July. Y. elutata, W. V.-Abundant in lanes.

Y. rubidaria, Bond. In damp places where willows grow. Kirby, Hargrave Hall, and Woolton. July.

Genus CHEIMATOBIA, Steph.

C. dilutata, W. V.-Plentiful in woods. September and October.
C. autumnaria, Boisd.-Knowsley, near the quarry. October.
C. boreata, Hub.—Bidston birch plantations. October.

C. brumata, Lin.—Everywhere in autumn.

Genus LOBOPHORA, Curt.

L. lobulata, Hub.-Not uncommon in the woods around Kirkby and Simonswood in April.

L. sexalisata, Hub.-One taken in Croxteth wood. May.

Genus TRIPHOSA, Steph.

T. dubitata, Lin.-May often be observed upon ragwort flowers in August

and September.

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