local and other circumstances connected with the establishment. It might be desirable to avoid any manufacture that would absorb a large number of hands, and confine the employment to every variety of handicraft work; besides their Agricultural occupation, to that of Wheelwrights, Coach and Cart Building, Tanning, Printing, Bookbinding, &c., &c. It will be seen by the Prospectus

that the members are under no more restraint than other working men inhabiting isolated dwellings and lodgings, since the privacy of their cottages will be equally respected: the hours devoted to the establishment need not be oppressive, and when terminated, the members will be at liberty to go where they please; at the same time, there will be Lectures, Reading-rooms, and Music, and in the summer Cricket, Botanic Gardens, and other recreations. There are no separate dormitories for children, who would be under the care of their parents, and even orphans should be placed with the widows, or couples having no children of their own, in order that they might have the benefit of a domestic, with that of a general education. Whether families, wishing to withdraw after due notice, should be allowed any share of the surplus before the original outlay had been paid off, and the inmates raised into shareholders, is a question chiefly interesting to

the inmates themselves, as the proprietors would only receive the interest of their capital until it was repaid. Arrangements might be made for the inmates in rotation to visit their friends at a distance.

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS IMPROVEMENT.

MORAL and religious improvement being the paramount object of the Institution, the ordinances of religion should of course be attended by all; when a christening took place, the minister would probably explain the nature and importance of the rite; if two or three occurred on the same day, some rural festival might commemorate the event. The funeral would be attended by the congregation, as at the Moravian settlements, when the Pastor delivers a suitable address, and music, vocal and instrumental, of an appropriate character, adds to the solemnity of the scene. Such a ceremony would produce an impressive and salutary effect upon the children as well as upon their parents. Some Clergymen have proposed a shorter service for children; at present they go to the Sunday-school at nine, remain till eleven, and then attend the Church till one o'clock: in all, four successive hours. There would be a numerous band of Sunday-school Teachers, and it has been

suggested that if ten or twelve young men in training for the Missionary cause, were to reside in the Establishment, their presence would be useful as examples of good conduct, and they would themselves acquire much practical knowledge; the Normal Schools might also be formed in the first establishments, especially if a model Institution were commenced in each diocese. The parents having regular employment, and in the absence of beer-shops and other pernicious excitements, would co-operate with, rather than counteract, the efforts of the Clergyman, and the Schools would not be neglected upon trivial pretences. It is in the facilities afforded for training the rising generation, that the unspeakable advantages and blessings of the Christian Commonwealth will be most conspicuous; when parents, no longer compelled entirely to resign to the hands of a stranger the most sacred and delightful of their duties, will rejoice in participating in the important work of instruction. The wealth-creating division of labour has hitherto robbed the mother of a task for which by nature she is pre-eminently qualified, since the first agent in the work of education is the affection of the mother. How How many of the greatest characters have traced their success in life, to the virtuous emotions first aroused by a mother! while too many, alas, of those who

have gone astray, have bitterly lamented the early negligence of their parents. A writer beautifully remarks, that "A man's mother is the representative of his Maker. Misfortune and even crime

set up no barriers between her and her son. Whilst his mother lives, he will have one friend on earth who will not listen when he is slandered, who will not desert him when he suffers, who will solace him when in sorrow, and speak to him of hope when he is ready to despair. Her affection knows no ebbing tide; it flows on, from a pure fountain, spreading happiness through all this vale of tears, and ceases only at the ocean of eternity." Surely for no common object could such a principle have been implanted in the human breast, but rather for some high and holy purpose: that this solicitude will one day become an unfailing and powerful instrument in moral training and intellectual advancement, it is delightful to contemplate.

Archbishop Tillotson observes

"It requires great wisdom and industry to advance a considerable estate; much art, and contrivance, and pains to raise a great and regular building: but the greatest and noblest Work in the World, and an effect of the greatest prudence and care, is to rear and build up a Man, and to form and fashion him to piety, and justice, and temperance, and all kind of worthy and honest actions. Now the foundations of this great Work are to be carefully laid in the tender years of children,

that it may rise and grow up with them according to the advice of the Wise Man, 'Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.""

The large portion of life the human being requires to reach maturity, compared with animals attaining equal longevity, indicates that his higher destiny demands a lengthened preparation to fit him for the faithful discharge of his duties; irreparable is the loss, if any portion of that important period is wasted or misapplied.

MENTAL IMPROVEMENT.

BESIDES the moral influences elevating and strengthening the mind, the children would have the advantage of daily witnessing, in the various workshops, the application of the sciences to the arts; in learning the mechanical laws; the steamengine and other machines would be resorted to; and in agriculture, each revolving month demanding its peculiar operations, would naturally afford interesting subjects of conversation with the parents, and yield a succession of varied and improving attractions. Practice would always be at hand to correct or illustrate theory; while knowledge and industry, so far from being found incompatible, would each acquire additional power by a union, condu