Με. πιλώτιον. Πιλάτιον is corrected into πιλωτὸν by Is. Vossius ap. Albert. ad Ηes. v. Κασσόν. See Mr. Barker's Epist. Cr. ad Boiss. p. 268-9. appended to Arcadius.

" Arcadius Grammaticus: Καθάπερ οἱ τοῖς αὐλοῖς τὰ τρήματα εὑράμενοι, ἐπιφράττειν αὐτὰ καὶ ὑπανοίγειν, ὁπότε βούλοιντο, κέρασί τισιν ἢ βόμβυξιν ὑφορκίοις ἐπετεχνάσαντο, ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω, καὶ ἔνδον τε καὶ ἔξω στρέφοντες. Lege, ή βόμβυξι καὶ ὑφολμίοις. Βόμβυξ, Pars tibia, ut et ὑφόλμιον. J. Poll. (4, 70.): Τῶν δὲ ἄλλων αὐλῶν τὰ μέρη γλῶττα καὶ τρυπήματα. Καὶ βόμβυκες, ὅλμοι, καὶ ὑφόλμια. Melius tamen legeretur in Polluce, Καὶ βόμβυκος ὅλμοι καὶ ὑφόλ μια. Aliarum tibiarum partes esse dicit lingulas et foramina; bombycis vero, genus tibiæ est, όλμους et ὑφόλμια. Ut, præter γλώττας et τρυπήματα, in bombyce præterea fuerint όλμοι et ὑφόλμια. Ολμος in bombyce videtur esse τὸ στόμα. Nam όλμος ἐν ταῖς ὑπογλούτισιν ἑκατέρωθεν κοῖλον. Forte scr. ap. Hesych. ἐν ταῖς γλωττίσιν, ἑκατέρωθεν κοῖλον. Γλωττίδες sunt Lingula tibiarum. Inde ὑφόλμιον, Pars sub lingulis. Idem Hesychius: Υφόλμιον, μέρος τι τοῦ αὐλοῦ πρὸς τῷ στόματι, ἢ αἱ γλωττίδες.” [Phot. : Όλμοι καὶ ὑφόλμια· ἐπὶ αὐλῶν. Εύπολις Φίλοις· 'Ρέγκειν δὲ τοὺς ὅλμους *οἴμοι τῶν κακῶν. “ Βόμβυκες, quæ hic inter partes tibia, Hesychio exponuntur γένος αὐλῶν, Ipsa tibiarum species ; et ap. Eund. in Laconico Βόμβυρ, nec enim emendandum puto, est αὐλοῦ εἶδος etiam, et Etym. Βομβύκη· ὄνομα αὐλητρίδος, παρὰ τὸν βόμβον τῶν αὐλῶν. Καὶ βόμβυξ, αὐλοῦ τι εἶδος. Imo sic J. Poll. ipse infra 4, 82. Τὸ τῶν βομβύκων αὔλημα. Ολμοι vero, Partes tibiarum, accedant ad alias ejus vocis signiff., quas attulerunt.' Jung. ad J. Poll. l. c. But, notwithstanding this, the simple and satisfactory conjecture just proposed did not occur to Jung.] "Idem Arcadius xépara in tibiis comparat notis illis, quibus adspirationes in vocibus designantur: Ταῦτα ούτωσὶ κἀκείνοις ὥσπερ κέρατα, τὰ σημεῖα ἐποιήσατο τῷ πνεύματι, ἕν τι σχῆμα ἑκατέρω σημηνάμενος, τοῦτο δὴ ὂν ὥσπερ αὐλῷ ἐοικὸς, ὅπερ ἔνδον καὶ ἔξω στρέφων ἐπιφράττειν καὶ ὑπανοίγειν τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδαξεν. Videntur esse parilli cornei, quibus immissis foramina tibiarum obturabantur, iisdemque exemptis aperiebantur: ut in imaginibus tibiarum, quæ in antiquis monumentis insculptæ visuntur, etiam nunc apparet. Quintil.: Nam tibia eodem spiritu accepto, alium clausis, alium apertis foraminibus, alium satis purgatæ, alium quassæ sonitum reddunt. Ibid.: Illa vero jam pene apertis, ut ajunt, tibiis. Acutius sonabant, quæ apertis; gravius, quæ clausis foraminibus inflabantur. Ideo antiquitus rudi adhuc musica sinistræ tibiæ plura foramina quam dextrm habebant.” Salmas. Exerc. Plin. 84. As these passages, quoted by Salmasius from Arcadius, do not occur in the work published by me under his name, it is

a question of some little moment, from what other work of Arcadius these passages were extracted?

"Пávon videtur appellatus quasi Пlavòs One, Panis fera; quia in deliciis Pani et Baccho, ut lynces et tigres: távong, ut *σarugóθηρ. Arcadius Grammaticus: Καὶ τὸ πάνθηρ καὶ σατυρόπης ἀπὸ μονοσυλλάβων. In scenis veterum versatilibus semper ante Bacchi pedes fingebatur parva panthera.' Salmas. 1. c. 149. In Arcadius p. 20. it is printed σarugópnp by a mistake either of the press, or in the transcript, or in the original Ms.

In

"Zeus Æolibus, qui diphthongos dividebant, Zeus, ut naïs: tum inserto digammate Zeßús: inde Lat. Jovis. Ut guyòv, jugum. Joupater prius dicebant pro Jovis pater: ut Jouglans, pro Jovis glans. At genitivus 4òs ex antiquo 4is. Arcadius: 'Py, τὸ θρέμμα. Δὶς, Διὸς, ὁ Ζεύς. Hinc Lat. Diespiter pro Dispiter, Δὶς πατήρ. Jovis ex Ζεὺς vel Ζεβύς.” Salmas. 1. c. 423, Arcadius, p. 124. the passage stands thus: Пav ovoμa povosúλλαβον εἰς ν λήγον ἀρσενικὸν καὶ θηλυκὸν ὀξύνεται, Πὰν ὁ δαίμων, ἄν, κύριον, Ζὴν, μὴν, χὴν, τὴν τὸ θρέμμα, χωρὶς τοῦ θῶον (sic,) θῶντος, κύριον. Τὰ εἰς ῖς μονοσύλλαβα ὀξύνεται, ἵν, ὃς, ῥῖς, ῥῖν, λὶς ὁ λέων, τὶς, ὅπερ συστέλλει τὸ ι, Δὶς, Διὸς, ὁ Ζεύς.

"Schol. Aristoph. Av. adjicit (4opßeidv) per a diphthongum scribi, et ovτóvws Herodiano placere. Idem placet et Arcadio Grammatico περὶ Προσωδίας, cujus hæc verba sunt: Τὸ δὲ παρειὰ καὶ φορβεια, καὶ φορειὰ ὁ βόρβορος, καὶ ἀρειὰ ἡ ἀπειλὴ, ὀξύνονται. Vides Φορειαν exponi βόρβορον. Inde Lat. Foria ap. Nonium de stercoribus liquidioribus. Sane φέρουσαν γαστέρα et φορὸν Græci dicunt, qua solutior est. Ab eadem origine est et popuTòs, et popúσoei, quod est Inquinare. Inde conforiare ap. Pomponium i. q. concacare: Conforiasti me, Diomedes. Sic enim ap. Nonium leg." Salmas. I. c. 585. The learned Critic here cites Arcadius's Work under the title Tepì IIgoradías. The pascited occurs in p. 98. and just as it is cited. But in Cod.

sage

* "What a Barpaxoμvoμaxla and hot skirmish is between and T in Lucian! How doe Grammarians hack and slash for the genitive case in Jupiter, whether Jovis or Jupiteris! How doe they breake their own pates to salve that of Priscian! Si foret in terris, rideret Democritus. Yea, even among wiser militants, how many wounds have beene given, and credits slaine for the poor victory of an opinion, or beggerly conquest of a distinction! Schollers are men of peace; they beare no armes, but their tongues are sharper than Actius his razor-their pens carry farther, and give a lowder report than thunder; I had rather stand in the shock of a basilisco, than in the fury of a mercilesse pen." Sir Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, p. 136. Éd. 1645.

·

τ. λ.

2603. we have : Τὸ δὲ παρειὰ, καὶ φορειὰ τὸ βοῦρκος, καὶ ἀρειὰ κ. « Βούρκα, βούρκος, Limus, non quilibet, sed qui jam putrescenti aqua maceratus pessimam exhalat mephitim, ita Allat. de Opinat. Gr. n. 12." Ducang. Gloss. M. et I. Gr. p. 222. See Schneider's Gr. and German Dictionary in the word Φορειά, where Arcadius is cited. « Certe μονωψ Græcum est, ut et μου νωπός de eo, qui unum tantum habet oculum. Arcadius Grammaticus: Μυών, ὁ μυὸς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχων, μονωψ ὁ μονόφθαλμος, κελαινών, τυφλώψ.” Salmas. 1. c. 588. The words of Arcadius p. 94. are these: Τὰ μέντοι ἐπιθετικὰ ὀξύνεται, ὑπεσταλμένων τῶν ὑποπεπτωκότων κυρίοις, ἢ τῶν ἰδιαζόντων, μονωψ ὁ μονόφθαλμος, κελαινών, τυφλώψ. Τὸ δὲ ἑλίκωψ καὶ μύωψ, ὁ μυὸς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχων, βαρύνεται, ὥσπερ τὸ Κύκλωψ καὶ κέκρωψ ὁ δόλιος, καὶ Ἴωψ ὁ Κυνικός.

« Philemon. Lex. : Ερωτύλος· ὑποκοριστικῶς, ὁ ἐρωτικὸς, καὶ οὐ κύριον. Καὶ Ιτυλος Παῖδ ̓ ὀλοφυρομένη "Ιτυλον, (Od. Τ. 522.) Παροξύνονται δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα, οἷον ἐρωτύλος, Αἰσχύλος; * Ερμύλος, * Σιμύλος πλὴν τοῦ “Οξυλος καὶ Ιτυλος. Cod. ubivis "Ιτυλλος. Hinc autem corrigas Arcad. de Acc. 56, 11.: Αἰσχύλος, *Ρωμύ λος· σεσημείωται τὸ αἴτυλος καὶ Ογκυλος, qui jam ex lin. 25. Τὸ δὲ ἄξυλος καὶ Οξυλος κύρια ὄντα τοῖς προσηγορικοῖς κατὰ τὸν τόπον, (f. τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον,) ἠκολούθησαν, emendandus fuisset. Etiam lin. 3. pag. seq. male ἴστυλος pro Ιτυλος editum.” Osann. ad Philemon. Lex. p. 55. See Etym. M. v. 'Ayxúλos, and the New Gr. Thes. in the same word.

« Grammaticorum commentum videtur, εὐοῖ ex Dorico ενοι pro εὖσοι ortum esse, quo explicarent illud εὐοῖ Βάκχε. Caret id difficultate, si evo initio dictum putabimus, imperativo Dorico, i. e. εὔαζε. Greg. Cor. de Dial. Dor. s. 24. Τὸ δίδου δίδοι λέγουσι, καὶ ἄλλα, ὁμοίως τοῖς τρίτοις προσώποις τῶν εὐκτικῶν τὰ δεύτερα πρόσωπα τῶν εἰς ου προστακτικῶν ἐκφέροντες. Id deinde facile potuit in interjectionem abire, posteriore syllaba circumflexa, ut præcipit Arcadius p. 183. et Regulæ Prosodica a me editæ p. 460." Hermann. ad Soph. Trach. 218. p. 49. The language in several of these Regula so corresponds to the language of Arcadius, that we must suppose both writers to have drawn from one common source.

Steph. Βyz. Αἰγόσθενα, πόλις Μεγαρίδος, Αρκάδιος δ' Αίγοσθένειαν αὐτήν φησι, καὶ Φωκίδα πόλιν. Λυρνατία, Αρκάδιος δὲ διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου. It appears from the Index of the Authors quoted by Steph. B., which is subjoined to Abr. Berkelius's Edition, that Arcadius is thus quoted by Steph. B. in other places, without any specification of the particular Work referred VOL. XXVII. Cl. J. NO. LIV. P

to. In all probability they are taken from his 'Ονομαστικόν. But his Work entitled Ορθογραφία is cited by Steph. Β. v. ̓́Ακτια : ̓Αρκάδιος δ' ἐν τῇ Ορθογραφία φησὶν, ̓Ακτία καὶ ἡ πόλις, καὶ ἡ ἑορτή. ̓Αλλ' ἡ μὲν ἑορτὴ βαρύνεται, τὰ ̓́Ακτια· ἡ δὲ πόλις λέγεται οὐδετέρως, τὸ ̓́Ακτιον. “ Jure meritoque Arcadius a Steph. Β. reprehenditur; nam oppidi nomen, uti jam probavimus, neque a Gr. neque a Lat. Auctoribus feminino genere usurpatur. Arcadii Grammatici præstantissimi opus etiamnum hodie ineditum in Europa Bibliothecis latet, et sæpissime a Salmasio, Vossio, aliisque VV. DD. allegatur." Berkel. But this Editor is mistaken in supposing that the Work, quoted by Salmasius, Vossius, and others, is the Ορθογραφία, because it is invariably the Book de Accentibus edited by me.

"Arcadii Grammatici Glossæ Mss., quas cel. P. Burmanno Secundo debeo acceptas: "Οκταλλος, ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς παρὰ Βοιωτοῖς. Ceteri enim Dorienses oculos ὀπτίλους vocabant: Albert. ad Hes. νν. Οπτίλοι, Οκκον.” Koen. ad Greg. Cor. 580. "Idem

— liber, quem Bibliothecæ Parisinæ Cod. 2102. aliique tenent hoc titulo inscriptum: 'Αρκαδίου περὶ Τόνου τῶν ὀκτὼ Μερῶν τοῦ Λόγου κ. τ. λ. Nonnulla ex eo excerpta Villois. Ep. Vinar. p. 115. sqq. evulgavit. Perexigui est pretii; interdum tainen, perinde ut Epimerismi Pseudo-Herodiuni, nonnullius utilitatis.' [Here I beg leave to differ from the accomplished Critic.]

Locus a Koenio citatus reperitur in libro 6. περὶ τῶν εἰς βος, εἰς γος καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς μέχρι τῶν εἰς μος. Ibi hæc legas [p. 54.]: Τὰ εἰς αλλος τρισύλλαβα μὴ ἐθνικὰ προπαροξύνεται, κρύσταλλος, κίαλλος (sic,) * ἔκταλλος ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς παρὰ Βοιωτοῖς· τὸ δὲ Τριβαλλὸς ἐθνικὸν, καὶ τὸ * προβαλλὸς ἡ ἀσπὶς ὀξυνόμενον. (Hesych. Πρόβαλος, ἀσπίς.) Idem Arcadius, qui dicitur, commemorat etiam vocem ὀπτίλος, aut potius ὀπτίλλος. In eodem enim libro [p. 54.] hæc tradit: Τὰ εἰς λλος * πολυσύλλαβα, ὁποίῳ φωνήεντι παραλήγει πλὴν τοῦ α, προπαροξύνεται, Μάρκελλος, [in the printed copy Μύσκελλος precedes Μάρκελλος,] Κύριλλος, Σόφιλλος, Δόριλλος· τὸ δὲ ὀπτίλλος παροξύνεται, καὶ τὸ νεογιλλὸς ἔχει θηλυκόν. Postrema si recte intelligo, loquitur Gramm. de adj. νεογιλλός, ή, όν : vide de νεογιλλός, aut potius νεογιλός, præter Τ. Η. ad Lucian. 1, 180. Pierson. Verisim. 234. Eadem vox vindicanda Alciphroni 1,27. Τί γὰρ οὐ τῶν ἐμῶν λαβοῦσα ἔχεις; οὐ σῦκα; οὐ τυρὸν ἐκ ταλάρων ; οὐκ ἀλεκτορίδων ζεῦγος κ. τ. λ. Post ταλάρων enim e Codd. Par. inserendum, οὐκ ἔριφον νεογιλόν.” Bast.

E. H. BARKER.

Thetford, Nov. 1822.

215

A PLAN

For Translating Languages, without Study, or any previous Acquaintance with them. BY HENRY MATTHEWS.

AN opinion has been entertained by some learned men, in different ages, that the knowledge of overcoming the difficulties of languages would be one day accomplished; and others have thought it pos sible to contrive, or create, a general or universal language. Several ingenious plans have been suggested for the support of foreign correspondence, by means of a general or universal character; but, in all these, there is much to be acquired and remembered, as well as a thorough acquaintance with the principles of grammar. Unless a plan be devised to be comprehensible by the person who can merely read, as well as by the scholar, the sale of such a work would not be sufficiently extensive to justify the expense. A sys tem fully suitable has been conceived, which, by a simple arrangement, will obviate every difficulty.

The dictionary now proposed will enable persons to correspond with foreigners, of whose language they have no knowledge; and to translate, freely, every species of their literature.

Any two persons possessing this dictionary may carry on a private correspondence, which cannot be comprehended by those who have even access to the same dictionary.

In whatever language this plan is first published, that will become the universal language, or the one to which all others will refer, and from which they will enrich and enlarge the scope and capacity of expressing ideas.

By this dictionary, it will be only pastime for children to translate English works into the languages of India and China, and their works into our own. In fact, it will unlock the knowledge of the world, and communicate it to all, the most uninformed as well as the profoundly learned.

In addition to these peculiar advantages, it will answer all the purposes of any other dictionary.

In order to ensure general acceptation, this proposed work should be rendered the most complete vocabulary of words and significations which the learned can devise. All the words in the English language should be carefully arranged, with a strict regard to the following rule: all the words which have more than one meaning, repeated as many times as there are significations. For instance, in the common dictionary the words and significations would sometimes stand thus:

Til'ler, s. a ploughman; handle of a rudder.