7. A boy bought 20 marbles for 20 cents, 6 peaches for 8 cents, and 3 apples for 2 cents; how much money did he lay out? 8. A man bought a cart for 6 dollars, a plough for 2 doliars, a pair of steers for 9 dollars, and 2 acres of land for 8 dollars; how much did he lay out in all? 9. How old would you be, were your age double what it now is ? 10. If you had three times as many fingers and thumbs as you have now, how many would you have in all? 11. How many quarters to an apple, or any thing? 12. How many thirds to an apple, or any thing? 13. If an apple, a number, or any thing, is divided into 4 equal parts, what would one of those parts be called? A. One quarter, or 14. In the above, if divided into 3 equal parts, what would one part be called? 15. If an apple, or any thing, is divided into 5 equal parts, what would one part be called? A. One fifth, or 4. 16. What would 2 parts be called? A. Two fifths, or . 17. What would 4 parts be called? 18. How many parts does it take to make 5 fifths? A. 5. 19. How many parts does it take to make the whole? A. 5. 20. Why is the whole? A. Because the whole of the apple was divided into 5 equal parts? 21. If of an apple cost 2 cents, what will a whole apple cost? 22. If of an apple cost 1 cent, what will the whole cost? Note A.-Of the two following tables, the first is to be added from left to right, thus, 1 and 2 are 3; then the next line, thus, 1 and 2 are 3, and 3 are 6; then the next line, thus, 1 and 2 are 3, and 3 are 6, and 4 are ten; and thus with all the lines. The second is to be added from left to right, in the same manner. The learner, in reciting either, is not to look on the book; the order of the figures being such as to render it unnecessary. 12 23. What is the sum of the following numbers? 123 1234 12345 123456 A. 108 A. 55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 A. 120 A. 66 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A. 78 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1234567 12345678 999999999999 24. If of an apple be worth 1 cent, how much is a whole apple worth? 25. If of a vessel be worth 1000 dollars, how much is the whole vessel worth? How much is worth? 26. If you give 300 dollars for } of a house, how much is the whole house worth? How much is worth? 27. If of an apple cost 2 cents, what is the whole apple worth? 28. If of a factory be worth 2000 dollars, what is the whole worth? 29. 16 boys, throwing stones at an apple-tree, beat off a number of apples: says one boy, My part is, and I am entitled to one apple; how many apples is then? How many? How many? How many 18? How many 1? How many 18? 30. 16 men caught so many fish, that they could not count them; a bystander told one man that his part was 100, just Tof the whole; how many fish would 16? How many? How many 18? How many fish did they catch in all? be? How many How many 18? 31. John was born twenty years after James; how old will James be when John is 21? 32. When Joseph was 21, he married a wife that was 10 years old when he was born; how old was the wife when Joseph married? 33. How many are 7 and 9? 47 and 9? 87 and 9? 37 and 9? 7 and 5? 27 and 5? 57 and 5? 8 and 7? 48 and 7? 68 and 7? 58 and 7? 78 and 7? 8 and 8? 28 and 8? 48 and 8? 58 and 8? 78 and 8? 98 and 8? 9 and 9? 39 and 9? 59 and 9? 79 and 9? 69 and 9? 6 and 6? 36 and 6? 56 and 6? 76 and 6? 96 and 6? 106 and 6? After the manner of the last examples, the pupil should be taught to perform the following. Should he hesitate in any instance, as, for example, in adding 8 to 88, just say to him, 8 and 8 are 16, and he will soon see that 88 and 8 are 96, there being a 6 in both cases. By this means, if he can add any two numbers together, both under 10, he may be taught to add any number smaller than 10 to any number larger than 10. Care The following may be added by calling each finger a figure. Bhould be exercised, lest the learner give the total amount from the book, without making the individual additions for himself. 34. Add 5 twos and 5 threes together:-thus, 2 and 2 are 4, and 2 are 6, and 2 are 8, and 2 are 10, and 3 are 13, and 3 are 16, and 3 are 19, and 3 are 22, and 3 are 25. Add 5 nines, Add 10 ones Add 5 eights, 5 sevens, and 5 sixes together. 5 eights, and 5 sevens together. and 10 twos together. Ꭿ. 105. A. 120 A. 30. and 10 twos together. A. 50. Add 10 fours and 10 threes together. A. 70. Add 10 fives and 10 fours together. A. 90. and 10 fives together. A. 110. A. 130. A. 150. A. 170. Add 10 nines and 10 eights together. Q. What is this which you have now been doing called? A. Addition. Q. What, then, may the putting together of two or more numbers, and finding how much they make, be called? A. Addition. Q. What is the putting together, or collecting, of several numbers, of the same name, or denomination, called? A. Simple Addition. Q. What do you mean by the same name, or denomination? A. All pounds, all dollars, all cents, or all drams, &c. Q. How many are 20 and 30? What do you ca.. the 50? It is thought advisable, whenever the operation of the first sum in any rule is given, to direct the pupil, after a careful attention to the questions in the book, to copy the sum on his slate, and from this to answer the questions respecting the work, without looking on the book at recitation. Operation by Slate illustrated. 1. A man bought a cart for 25 dollars, a yoke of oxen for 69 dollars, and a plough for 7 dollars. What did he give for the whole? Q. In writing this example down, why do you place the 7 (units) under the 9 (units)? why not place it under the 6 (tens)? A. Because, if I should, the 7 units would become 7 tens, or 70; that is, the 7 dollarswould become70dollars. Q. How do you obtam the 1 in the Ans. ? (units) are 21 (units), or 2 tens and 1 unit, writing the 1 in the units' place. Q. What do you do with the 2 tens? A. I carry or add them to the 6 (tens), in the next higher place, where all the tens belong. Q. What is this adding of the 2 tens called? A. Carrying one for every ten. Q. How do you proceed to get the 10 in the Ans.? A. The 2 (tens) to carry, and 6 (tens) make 8 (tens), and the 2 (tens) over the 6 (tens) are 10 (tens). From these illustrations we derive the following RULE. Q. How do you write the numbers down? A. Units under units, tens under tens, &c. with a line underneath. Q. At which hand do you begin to add? A. The right. Q. If the amount of any column be 9, or less, how do you proceed? Q. If it be more than 9, what do you do? A. I set down the right-hand figure, and carry the left-hand figure, or figures, to the next column. Q. Which figure would you write down, and which carry, in 18, 10, 13, 36, 81, 94, 108, 58, 67, 125? Q. What do you do with the amount of the last column? PROOF. Q. How do you prove the operation? A. Begin at the top, and add the figures downward, in the same manner as they were added upwards. Q. What must this amount be like? A. The first amount. More Exercises for the Slate. To save the trouble of having the pupil running up continually to his teacher to know if his sums be right, and to prevent the learner from copying the answers on his slate from the book, indirect answers will be given through the book, when that can conveniently be done: in other cases, direct answers will be given. 2. A man bought a suit of clothes for 57 dollars, a pair of boots for 8 dollars, and a secretary for 28 dollars. What did he give for the whole? A. 93. 3. In an orchard, 20 trees bear pears, 54 bear peaches, and 6 bear plums. How many are there in the orchard? A. 80. 4. A man bought a barrel of flour for 10 dollars, a barrel of molasses for 29 dollars, and a barrel of rum for 36 dollars. How much did he pay for all the articles? A. 75. 5. James bought at one time 89 marbles, at another time 54, at another 60, at another 75. How many did he buy in all? A. 278. 6. A man gives 89 dollars for } of a chaise; how much must he give for the whole at that rate? A. 267. 7. You expend for a gold watch 165 dollars, for a chaise 225 dollars, for a new suit of clothes 80 dollars, and give your father 400 dollars. How much money have you parted with in all? A. 870. 8. If of a vessel be worth 2265 dollars, what is the whole vessel worth? A. 6795 dollars. 9. What is the whole stock which a man has in trade worth, ifbe worth 3500 pounds? A. 14000 pounds. 10. If a man own of a bank, and his part cost 26000 dollars, what would the whole be worth at that rate? A. 208000 dollars. 11. If my neighbor should borrow of me at one time C56 dol lars, at another 50 dollars, at another 3656 dollars, and at another 5000 dollars, how much should I lend him in all? A. 9362 dollars. 12. A merchant owes 617 dollars to Messrs. B. & T. C. Hoppin, 516 dollars to Messrs. B. & C. Dyer, 600 dollars to the Exchange Bank, 1000 dollars to the Union Bank; I demand how much he owes in the whole? A. 2733 dollars. 13. A inerchant bought at one time 600 barrels of beef, at another 500 barrels, at another 416 barrels; how many barrels did he buy in the whole? A. 1516 barrels. 14. James was born A. D. 1800; what year of our Lord will it be when James is 37 years of age? A. 1837. 15. Gen. George Washington was born A. D. 1732, and lived 67 years; in what year did he die? A. 1799. 16. From the creation of the world to the flood was 1656 years; from thence to the building of Solomon's temple, 1336 years; thence to the birth of our Saviour, 1008 years: in what year of the world was the birth of Christ? A. Anno Mundi 4000. In the Key the teacher will find all the answers to the following examples. *The teacher will observe that the amounts of the several sums are divided by 3, and the quotients given for the answers will be found in sum No. 27, each quotient being set against the No. of the sum, that he may more readily tell if the sum be right. |