The "Declaration of Rights," subsequently embodied in the "Bill of Rights," was delivered to William and Mary on the day after that on which they accepted the crown.

The "Bill of Rights" declared it to be illegal: To dispense with or suspend laws without the consent of Parliament: To hold the "Court of High Commission To levy taxes without the consent of Parliament. It also enacted that: Subjects should be allowed to petition the king: That the election of members of Parliament ought to be free: That in Parliament there should be freedom of speech and debate: That Parliament ought to be held frequently: That juries ought to be impartially selected.

The "Toleration Act was passed in 1689. It allowed Dissenters freedom of worship.

The exiled James had many sympathisers in the country, and Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, who favoured his cause, was slain in an engagement in the Pass of Killiecrankie, 1689. James landed in Ireland, where his cause was taken up, and laid siege to Londonderry; but he was defeated by William in the Battle of the Boyne, 1690, after which he returned to France.

Certain clergymen, who refused to take the oaths to William, were deprived of their livings; they were known as the "Nonjurors."

The MacDonalds of Glencoe, who had not given in their submission to William, were cruelly massacred, 1691.

France was now fighting in the cause of the exiled James, and the French fleet was defeated by the fleets of the English and Dutch off Cape La Hogue. Peace was restored by the "Treaty of Ryswick," 1697. By this treaty Louis XIV. of France acknowledged William as king of Great Britain and Ireland.

In the same year was the first "Partition Treaty," by which William and Louis agreed that, upon the death of Charles II. of Spain-who was childless-they would apportion out the Spanish dominions to the Dauphin, the Electoral Prince of Bavaria, and the Archduke Charles of Austria.

In 1701 the Act of Settlement was passed.

By this Act all the descendants of Charles I. were excluded from the throne, and it was provided that, should Anne die without issue, the crown should pass on to Sophia, Electress of Hanover, daughter of Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James I., and the heirs of her body, being Protestants

In the same year James II. died, and, contrary to the Treaty of Ryswick, Louis XIV. acknowledged his son King of England. This son, James, is known as the "Old Pretender." William entered into a " Grand Alliance" with several of the leading powers of Europe against Louis XIV., who, contrary

to the Partition Treaty, had put his grandson Philip upon the Spanish throne.

The National Debt was commenced. The Bank of England was founded by Paterson, a Scotchman. The Triennial Act ordained tha: Parliaments could not sit for more than three years.

Graham of Claverhouse. Halifax, a statesman. Somers, Lord Chancellor, first distinguished himself as one of the counsel for the seven Bishops. Under William III. he became Lord Chancellor. The Rev. G. Walker conducted the defence of Londonderry against James. The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Battle of the Boyne.

ANNE, 1702 to 1714.

Anne was the second daughter of James II., and sister to the late Queen Mary. She married Prince George of Denmark.

The policy of William III. in regard to the Spanish succession was adopted: war was declared against France and Spain; and Marlborough, in the Battle of Blenheim, 1704, completely defeated the combined armies of France and Bavaria. In the same year Sir George Rooke and Sir Cloudesley Shovel took Gibraltar. While preparing to lay siege to Namur, Marlborough was attacked by the French under Villeroy, and defeated them in the Battle of Ramillies, 1706. The French were defeated by Marlborough in the Battle of Oudenarde, in Belgium, 1708, and at Malplaquet, in Flanders, 1709.

Dr. Sacheverel, a High Church clergyman, who printed a sermon assailing the Revolution settlement and abusing the ministry in power, was impeached for sedition, and this rendered the ministry so unpopular that they were put out of office and superseded by a Tory Ministry, the two principal Ministers being the Earl of Oxford and Viscount Bolingbroke. The change of ministry threw Marlborough out of power, and the Treaty of Utrecht ended the war of the Spanish succession, 1713.

This treaty provided: That Philip should be allowed to retain the Spanish crown: That France should acknowledge the Protestant succession: That the Netherlands and the Italian dominions should be ceded to Germany: That the fortifications of Dunkirk should be dismantled That Gibraltar, Minorca, Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia should be ceded to Great Britain.

The Union of the Parliaments of Scotland and England took place in 1707. Both countries were to have one common Parliament, and to constitute the kingdom of Great Britain. Both were to enjoy the same commercial privileges, but Scotland was to preserve her own peculiar laws.

St. John, Lord Bolingbroke. Harley, Earl of Oxford. Mrs. Masham, a lady who gained a complete ascendancy over Queen Anne

and gradually alienated her from the Whig party. Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, a celebrated general, was born in Devonshire, 1650. He was appointed by Queen Anne to command the allied forces in the war of the Spanish succession, during which he gained the battles of Blenheim, Ramillies, Malplaquet, and Oudenarde. The Queen created him duke, and conferred on him the manor of Woodstock. In 1711, by the intrigues of party, he was driven from power, and retired to the Continent. He returned on the death of Anne. (1650-1722.) Dr. Sacheverel. Sir George Rooke and Sir Cloudesley Shovel,

GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF THE HOUSE OF STUART.
Henry VII.
Henry

ENGLAND UNDER THE STUARTS.

The prominent features of the Stuart period were:Frequent contentions between the Sovereigns and their Parliaments; the former endeavouring to make the royal

prerogative almost absolute, the latter struggling for constitutional freedom.

The Civil War, which resulted in the execution of Charles I. The establishment of the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell.

The great Military and Naval reputation of England under Cromwell and Queen Anne.

A manifestation of strong party feeling both in religion and politics.

The Restoration of the Stuart Dynasty.

The Revolution.

The present Authorised Translation of the Scriptures. The Augustan Age of English literature.

Agriculture did not improve. Education was neglected, social evils were unrestrained, and no attempt was made to better the sanitary condition of the poor, whose destitute children in the large towns were compelled to sleep in the open streets.

STUART PERIOD.

AUTHORS.

Addison, Joseph, the celebrated editor of, and principal contributor to, the Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian, was a Secretary of State under Queen Anne. He also wrote the tragedy of "Cato," ," "A Defence of the Christian Religion," etc. 1672-1719.

Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans, having become Chancellor of England in the reign of James I., abused his high office by bribery and corruption, for which he was sentenced to pay a fine of £40,000, and to be imprisoned. Among his works may be named the " Novum Organum," the "Advancement of Learning," and the "Essays." 1561-1626.

Baxter, Richard, a famous Presbyterian minister in the times of Cromwell, Charles II., and James II. He was the author of "The Saints' Rest," and "A Call to the Unconverted."

Beaumont, Francis, born 1586, joint author with John Fletcher of various dramas.

Bunyan, John, was born in Bedfordshire, and was at first engaged in his father's business as a tinker. He afterwards became a Baptist preacher, and was imprisoned for twelve years on account of his religious opinions. This time he spent in composing the prose allegories entitled "The Pilgrim's Progress" and the "Holy War." 1628-1688.

Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, was a divine who came over with William III., by whom he was made a bishop. His writings comprise a History of the Reformation," a History of my own Times," etc.

Butler, Samuel, the author of "Hudibras." 1612-1680.

99.66

Dryden, John, Poet-Laureate in the time of Charles II. and James II., and author of the following poems, "Annus Mirabilis," Absalom and Achitophel," "The Hind and the Panther,' ""Alexander's Feast," and " Fables," beside many plays. 1631-1700.

Henry, Matthew, a Nonconformist divine, author of a Commentary and several other theological works.

Herrick, Robert, a poet of some celebrity, Vicar of Dean Prior, in Devonshire. Died 1664.

Inigo Jones, a celebrated architect, who introduced into England the Palladian style.

Jonson, Benjamin, a poet and dramatist, born in Westminster. In the reign of James I. he was appointed PoetLaureate. Among his dramas are "Every Man in his Humour," ," "The Silent Woman," and "Cynthia's Revels." 1574

1637.

Locke, John, a writer on mental philosophy, and author of a work on the "Human Understanding.' 1632-1704.

Massinger, Philip, a dramatic poet, wrote a play called "A New Way to pay Old Debts." 1584-1640.

Milton, John, one of the greatest of English poets, became Latin Secretary to Cromwell. Through natural weakness and intense application to his studies, he became blind in 1654. He is much celebrated for his principal works, "Paradise Lost" and "Paradise Regained." His other works are "Samson Agonistes," "Comus," "L'Allegro," "Il Penseroso," sonnets, and several prose works on political subjects. 16081674.

Penn, William, published several tracts on Quakerism. In 1681 the Crown granted him a tract of land in North America, in consideration of the services of his father. The following year he proceeded to his colony, which he called Pennsylvania, establishing Philadelphia as its capital.

Pepys, Samuel, Secretary to the Admiralty in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., and compiler of an amusing and instructive diary, which is still extant. He died 1703.

Taylor, Jeremy, an eminent divine and writer, Bishop of Down and Connor, and Vice-Chancellor of the Dublin Univer