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bourhood of the township. Population a pastoral and agricultural district on a

600.

Hastings, N.S.W. A river rising on the eastern slopes of Mount Sea View, and falling into the Pacific at Port Macquarie in the county of Macquarie.

Hastings, N.Z. A town in the centre of a rich agricultural and pastoral district, and railway station, 12 miles from Napier and 24 miles from Havelock. There is a fine racecourse, at which all the principal races of the district are held. The town is lighted by gas, and an extensive drainage scheme has been carried out at a cost of £25,000. Population 2303.

Hastings, Tas. A township on an arm of the sea called the Narrows, 56 miles S.W. of Hobart. Communication by

steamer.

Hastings, Vict. An extensive fishing station supplying the Melbourne market; railway station on the Crib Point line at the north-western extremity of Western Port Bay, 39 miles S.E. of Melbourne. Steamers leave here for Cowes, San Remo, and Newhaven. Population, with district,

790.

Hastings River, N.S.W., flows into Port Macquarie and rises in Mount Seaview, 6000 feet high. The countrythrough which it flows is undulating and well wooded.

Hauraki Gulf, N.Z. A large gulf on the east coast of the North Island between the mainland on the W. and the Great Barrier Island and the Thames Peninsula on the E.; contains the islands of Little Barrier, Kawau, Tiri-Tiri, Motuputu and Rangitoti, and extends to the city of Auckland.

Hauroto, Lake, N.Z. A lake in the Southern Island; reached easily from Lumsden.

Hautapu, N.Z. A township 7 miles from Hamilton, same distance from Cambridge, and 93 miles from Auckland. Nearest railway station, Hamilton.

Havelock, N.Z. A township and picturesque summer resort, 23 miles S.W. of Picton, 28 miles from Blenheim, and 38 miles N.W. from city of Nelson. Nearest railway station, Picton. Steam service to and from Nelson and Wellington fortnightly. A considerable trade is done in timber. Gold has been found in Mahakipuwa Creek, 5 miles distant, in large quantities. Population 400.

branch of the Nguraroro river, 14 miles S.E. of Napier, and 2 miles from the railway station at Hastings. Population 380.

Havelock, Vict. A township in an agricultural and mining district, and railway station on the Castlemaine and Maryboroughline, 118 miles N. W. of Melbourne. Population 280.

Hawea Lake, N.Z., from which the Clutha river flows: length, 18 miles; width, 3 miles; depth from 900 to 1285 feet; height above the sea, 1062 feet; about 180 miles N.W. from Dunedin. The scenery in the neighbourhood is fine, and the lake is encircled with mountains, which stretch all the way to the west coast. It falls into the Clutha river and is reached from Pembroke.

Hawera, N.Z. A county in the North Island, S. of Taranaki, and intersected by the railway from Wanganui to New Plymouth; town, Hawera. Population 4347.

Hawera, N.Z. A town surrounded by an unequalled pastoral district and railway station on Wanganui and New Plymouth line, 76 miles from New Plymouth by coast, and 48 miles by rail. The district has received a considerable impetus from the opening up of Waimate plains, 4 miles W. and N.W. of the town. Population 1284. Newspapers, Havera and Normanby Star and Egmont Star.

Hawes, N.S.W. A new county near the Liverpool ranges, and W. of Mount Sea View, N. of the Manning river.

Hawkdun Ranges, N.Z. A range of mountains in the interior, which divides the counties of Maniototo and Waitaki.

Hawker, S.A. A township and railway station on the line from Port Augusta to Hergott Springs, 1030 feet above sealevel, 65 miles N. of Port Augusta, and 305 (by rail) N. of Adelaide. Population 150.

Hawke, Cape, N.S.W. A point of land jutting into the Pacific between Port Macquarie and Port Stephens.

Hawkes Bay, N.Z. A large bay on the E. coast of the North Island, midway between Auckland and Wellington, which has given its name to a province of which Napier is the capital. Was first entered by Cook in the Endeavour on Oct. 8th, 1769; occupied by Europeans in 1848. The province has an area of 3,050,000

Havelock (North), N.Z. A township in

acres, of which 29,863 are under crop; population 26,987. A railway runs from Napier to Woodville, 97 miles. Contains the celebrated Ahuiri plains, and many other fertile districts. The northern part is well adapted for sheep; the district rises from the coast to the Ruahine Mountains, is irrigated by the Nukaha, Wairoa, Mohaka, and other rivers, and contains the towns of Napier (capital), Clive, Clyde (or Wairoa), Havelock and Waipawa.

Hawke's Bay, Provincial District of, N.Z., was the locality first visited by Cook in 1769; is situated on the east coast of the Northern Island, and is bounded on the N. by Auckland, on the W. and S. by Wellington, and on the E. by the ocean. Its area is 3,050,000 acres, and it consists of rich alluvial plains and undulating hills, rising gradually from the sea-coast to the Ruahine mountains. It is watered by the Mohaka, Mukaha, Ngaruroro, Tukituki, Tutakuri, Wairoa and other rivers; is intersected by the railway from Napier to Woodville, which will be extended towards Wellington, and contains the towns of Napier, Clive, Clyde or Wairoa, Havelock and Waipawa. S. of Napier are the Ahuiri plains, 80,000 acres of rich soil, and W. and S. of them are large areas of good land suitable for tillage, but now principally devoted to sheep. In the N. the country is more broken, is unsuited to agriculture, but well adapted for breeding sheep and cattle. The province contains a large area of forest land. The numbers of holdings were in 1889, 1702, of which 29,663 acres were under crop, principally oats, 5141 acres, producing 147,371 bushels, barley 3462 acres, and 154,307 bushels, potatoes 2409 acres, and 9630 tons, hay 7588 acres, and 10,291 tons, grass lands, ploughed 182,207 acres, sown 825,312 acres; live stock, 11,053 horses, 60,944 cattle, and 2,487,105 sheep. Land alienated 1,205,425 acres for £548,846.

Hawke's Bay, N.Z. A county in the North Island on the east coast fronting Hawke's Bay, and containing the town of Napier; intersected by the railway from Napier towards Waipawa. Population

6028.

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for a considerable distance through fertile country; the river is tortuous and liable to floods (on one occasion it rose near Windsor to 97 feet above its ordinary level); is navigable for vessels of 100 tons for 4 miles above Windsor, which is 35 miles from the sea, but by the winding of the river 140 miles. The scenery at the mouth of the Hawkesbury is very fine, and it is crossed by the longest railway bridge in Australia. The river was discovered by Governor Phillip: named in honour of the head of the Council on Trade and Plantations. The first settlers established themselves in Jan. 1794, but were attacked by the natives. Windsor and Richmond were founded a few years after the first settlement of the colony, and were visited by Governor Hunter in 1796. Hawkesdale, Vict. A village in a pastoral and heavily timbered district and railway station on the line from Koroit to Hamilton on Tea Tree Creek, 189 miles W. of Melbourne, 30 miles from Warrnambool, and 18 miles from Penshurst. Population 225.

Hawthorn, Vict. A city suburban to Melbourne 3 miles E.; railway station, The river Yarra is spanned by bridges connecting it with Richmond. Population 19,585. Local newspapers: Boroondara Standard, Hawthorn Advertiser and Ken and Hawthorn Express.

Hay, N.S.W. The cathedral city of the new Riverina diocese, in the centre of the Riverina district; railway station; on Murrumbidgee river, which is occasionally navigable, 454 miles S.W. of Sydney. Hay is the principal depôt for wool produced on the stations about the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers; 80,000 bales of wool are sent from Hay during the season. The town is supplied with gas and water. Population 3000. Local journals, Riverine Grazier and Hay Standard.

Hay, W.A. A county in the S., traversed by the Stirling range, and intersected by the railway from Albany to York.

Hayes, Capt. John, of the Bombay Marine, visited the south coast of Tasmania in the ships Duke and Duchess in 1794, and sailed up the Derwent, which he named.

Hayes, Sir Henry, an Irish gentleman of wealth, transported for life to New South Wales for the abduction of a Quaker lady named Pike. A large reward was offered

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Healesville, Vict. A township and railway station on the Healesville line, at the junction of Graceburn and Watts rivers, and at the entrance to the mountain district of the Upper Yarra, 38 miles E.N.E. from Melbourne. About two miles distant is the Coranderrk aboriginal station, a reserve of 4400 acres. Population, with district, 1250.

Heally, Rev. William. A Roman Catholic priest of that name was shot by Sergeant Timothy Foley and Mounted Constable William Townsend at Deepwater on the Murrumbidgee on August 6th, 1876, in mistake for a bushranger. Both constables were tried for manslaughter and acquitted.

Heat. The greatest heat recorded was in Central Australia, when it reached 131° in the shade on Jan. 21st, 1845; Nov. 11th of the same year it reached 127°. At Sydney on Jan. 31st, 1835, it reached 109° in the shade, and it was just as high on Jan. 3rd, 1848. On many occasions the thermometer was between 105° and 109° at Sydney. The hottest day ever experienced in Melbourne was on Jan. 14th, 1862, when it reached 111.2°. On Jan. 20th, 1875, it was 110-4°, and the five days ending Jan. 22nd were the hottest ever known in Melbourne, the heat in the sun rising on one occasion to 146°. The following examples of intense heat are almost without precedent in any part of the world. "Lieutenant Lowe, at the floods on the Namoi, was perched on the top of an uprooted tree; the rains had ceased, the thermometer was at 100°, a glaring sun and a coppery sky were above him; he looked in vain for help, but no prospect of escape animated him, and the hot sun began its dreadful work. His skin, blistered, dried, became hard and parched like the bark of a tree, and life began to ebb. At length assistance arrived: it came too late, he was indeed

tralia, Nov. 11th, 1845: "The hot wind which had been blowing all the morning from the N.E., increased to a gale, and I shall never forget its withering effects. I sought shelter behind a large gum tree, but the blasts of heat were so terrible that I wondered the very grass did not take fire; everything, both animate and inanimate, gave way before it. The horses stood still with their backs to the wind and their noses to the ground, the birds were mute, and the leaves of the tree fell like a shower around us. At noon I took out my thermometer graduated to 127°, and put it in the fork of a tree, and an hour afterwards when I went to examine it the tube was full of mercury, and the bulb burst." On the Lower Macquarie on Jan. 11th, 1878, the thermometer registered 117° at 2.30 p.m., and on the next day it rose to 119°. At Rockhampton, Qd., four deaths were caused by intense heat on Feb. 21st, 1878. Heathcote, Vict. A town in a mining district, and railway station on the branch line from Sandhurst to Tooborac, in the centre of the McIvor goldfield, 70 miles N. of Melbourne, 29 miles E. of Sandhurst, and 7 miles W. of Costerfield gold and antimony mine. Courts of general sessions and county courts are held here. Population 1090, with district 3400. Local paper, McIvor Times and Rodney Advertiser.

Heazlewood, Tas. A village 16 miles from Waratah, the terminus of Emu Bay and Waratah railway. The Geakins and Heazlewood silver lead mining claims are here. Population 100.

Hebrews. The first synagogue erected in Australia was opened and consecrated in York Street, Sydney, in April 1844; the synagogue at Toowoomba, Qd., opened August 31st, 1870. Adelaide, S.A., March 1871; Elizabeth Street, Sydney, 1875; New Synagogue, Melbourne, 1877; Elizabeth Street, Sydney, 1878; West Maitland, N.S.W., 1879. The first Jewish marriage in Australia was between Moses Joseph and Miss Nathan, 1832. The following are the present statistics: New South Wales. Population 3200. Sydney Great Synagogue, Elizabeth Street, cost £28,000. Sittings: males,

just alive, but died almost immediately. 700; females, 500; Sabbath-school, 223 He was literally scorched to death." children. Stipend of chief minister, Captain Sturt gives the following de- £1000. Society, Jewish Philanthropic scription of a hot day in Central Aus- and Orphan. West Maitland Synagogue.

-Queensland. Population 700. Brisbane Maoris burnt Kororareka. Finally a Synagogue, Margaret Street, cost £5000. large number of troops was obtained, Stipend of minister, £700. Toowoomba unsuccessful attacks were made by the Synagogue closed since 1878.-South British on the Okaihau and Ohaewai Australia. Population 762. Synagogue, Pahs, and the 99th Regiment was defeated. Rundle Street, Adelaide, cost £9000. Governor Fitzroy was recalled, and CapSittings for males, 180; females, 150. tain (now Sir) George Grey appointed Sabbath-school, pupils on roll, 70. Governor. He carried on the war with Societies-Jewish Philanthropic, Jewish vigour; captured Ruapekapeka Pah, Ladies' Benevolent, Jewish Benefit, dispersed the followers of Hone Heke,

whereupon that chief surrendered and was pardoned, but died a few years afterwards of consumption.

Helensburgh, N.S.W. A colliery township and railway station on Camp Creek,

Anglo-Israelitish. - Victoria. Population 4330. Synagogue, Bourke Street; other places of worship, St. Kilda, Ballarat, Sandhurst and East Melbourne. Tasmania. Population 336. Synagogue, Argyle Street, Launceston. - Western Australia. 27 miles S. of Sydney. Population 650. No synagogue, and only 9 of population. Local newspaper, Helensburgh Chronicle. -New Zealand. Population 1539. 4 Helensville, N.Z. A port in an agriSynagogues, 1100 sittings. The syna- cultural and pastoral district on E. shore gogues are at Auckland, Christchurch, of Kaipara River, 38 miles N.W. of

Dunedin and Wellington.

Heemskirk, Tas. A mountain and settlement on the western coast to the north of f Macquarie Harbour. Water has been brought in for hydraulic sluicing, and there are strong indications of valuable deposits of tin and silver. Railway to Mount Geehan from Macquarie Harbour. Population 40.

Heidelberg (or Green's Creek), Tas. A township in an agricultural district at the head of Port Sorell, 14 miles from Torquay, 60 miles N.W. of Launceston by sea, and 193 miles from Hobart. Daily mail communication with Latrobe, 16 miles distant.

Heidelberg, Vict. A township in a market gardening and fruit growing district, and railway station, 8 miles E.N.E. of Melbourne. It is lighted with gas, and the water supply is from the Yan Yean. Population, with district,

4000.

Heke. A New Zealand chief, son of Hongi, one of the signatories of the treaty of Waitangi. When New Zealand became a British colony, customs dues and port charges were imposed at Kororareka; the whalers kept away and trade declined. The Maoris attributed the bad times to the presence of the British flag, and Hone Heke cut it down in 1844. Governor Fitzroy sent to Sydney for troops, whereupon the chief promised to keep the peace, and the flagstaff was re-erected. It was very soon cut down again; in March 1845 it was three times re-erected and cut down; and the

Auckland, in an amphitheatre of low hills sloping towards the water. It is the starting point of Helensville and Auckland railway. Large quantities of kauri gum are found here. A saw-mill belonging to the Kauri Timber Co. is at work here; the mill can turn out lengths of 55 or 56 feet; the yearly output is upwards of 5,000,000 feet of sawn and dressed timber. Population 620.

Hellyer River, Tas. One of the tributaries of the Arthur.

Hen and Chickens, N.Z. A group of rocks at the mouth of Whangarei Bay, on the east coast of the North Island, in the track of vessels sailing from Auckland to the North Cape or to Sydney.

Hendon, Qd. A railway station on the Southern line, 154 miles from Brisbane, 1500 feet above sea-level; is the station for Allora, 3 miles distant.

Hepburn, Vict. A township between the Sailor and Spring creeks, 84 miles N.W. of Melbourne, and 3 miles from Daylesford railway station. The town has some celebrity from a mineral spring in the vicinity, and there are numerous vineyards in the district. Population 300.

Herbert, S.A. A new county with an area of 1532 square miles, in the northern portion of the settled districts, and intersected by the railway from Petersburgh junction towards Cockburn, near Broken Hills.

Herbert River, Qd. Rises in the Northern Territory, flows southerly, and after a course of several hundred miles, loses itself in the interior near the Tropic of Capricorn; in wet seasons probably finds its way into Lake Eyre.

Herberton, Qd. A town in a tin-mining district, 85 miles S.W. from Cairns, with which it will shortly be connected by

River, 10 miles from Newcastle and 85 N. of Sydney. Population 100.

Hexham, Vict. A township in a pastoral district on Hopkins River, 45 miles from Hamilton, 35 miles N. of Warrnambool, and 130 miles W. by S.

360.

railway; is 3000 feet above sea-level, on of Melbourne; and is reached by train the Wild river, one of the branches of the to Terang, thence coach or steamer to Herbert. Tin was first discovered in Warrnambool. Population, with district, May 1879, and the deposits extend 40 miles S.W. and several miles in the Heyfield, Vict. A township in a pasother direction. The district includes toral district and station on the branch the town of Watsonville and the mining line from Traralgon on Thompson River, townships of Irvine Bank, Return Creek 120 miles S.E. of Melbourne. Population and Kaboora. During 1889, 14,476 tons of 240. tin stone were crushed, yielding 15604 Heytesbury, Vict. One of the old

tons of tin. Copper is also found in the district: yield in 1889, 100 tons; and in 1889, 5801 tons of galena yielded 221,074 ounces of silver. Population 3475, and 344 Chinese. Newspapers, Advertiser and Wild River Times.

Hergott Springs, S.A. A station on the Great Northern railway 440 miles nearly due N. of Adelaide, and 231 miles N. of Port Augusta. Population 150.

Hermitage, The, N.Z. A small but comfortable cottage hotel in the Southern Alps at the foot of Mount Cook and Mount Sefton, and within half an hour's walk of the terminal moraine of the Mueller glacier; about 100 miles from Fairlie Creek by the present coach road; the journey occupying two days, and one night being spent at the accommodation house at Lake Pakaki. This is the best starting-point for mountain climbing.

Herschell (or Darling Range), W.A., lies between the Smith and Arrowsmith rivers between Perth and Geraldton.

Hervey Bay, Qd. A large bay between Sandy Cape and Bundaberg.

Hervey Islands (or Cook's Islands). In the South Pacific, between the Friendly and Society Islands; discovered by Capt. Cook in 1777, and in 1823 became the scene of the labours of the celebrated missionary John Williams of Rarotonga; were annexed by Great Britain in 1888, and attached to New Zealand, by which they are governed.

Hesket, Vict. A township on a tributary of Monument Creek, 57 miles N.W. of Melbourne, and 7 from Woodend railway station. Soil suited for growth of chicory. Hexham, N.S.W. A small agricultural and colliery township and railway station on the Great Northern line, on Hunter

counties; area, 920 square miles; bounded on the N. by Hampden, on the N. W. by Villiers, on the S. by the ocean, and on the E. by Polwarth, watered by Curdie's Creek and the Hopkins, intersected by a small portion of the railway from Pirron Yallock towards Warrnambool; contains Allansford and Cobden. Population 6014.

Heywood, Vict. A township and railway station on the line to Portland on Fitzroy river, 261 miles W. by S. of Melbourne, 38 miles from Hamilton, and 16 miles from Portland. There are numerous cattle and sheep stations in the district. Population 153.

Highton, Vict. A township in a farming, fruit growing and grazing district, situated amongst the Barrabool Hills, 48 miles S.W. from Melbourne, and 3 miles from Geelong. Population 250.

Hill End, N.S.W. An important goldmining township, 3 miles from Tambaroora, 30 miles N.W. from Bathurst and 145 miles N.W. of Sydney. Population, with district, 1500.

Hill Grove, N.S.W. A gold-mining township on Bakery Creek, 389 miles N. of Sydney. Nearest railway station, Armidale. Population, with district, 4000. Local newspaper, Hill Grove Guardian. Hillsborough, Vict. A township in a quartz-mining district, 186 miles N.E. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Beechworth. Population 140.

Hillston, N.S.W. A township in a grazing district on Lachlan River, 547 miles W. of Sydney and 100 miles N.E. of Hay, and 75 miles N. from Carrathool, which is the nearest railway station. Population 500. Local newspaper, Hillston Spectator.

Hinchinbrook Island, Qd. An island

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