and escapes, 218. - Victoria. 5 asylums, with 3303 beds, and one asylum for idiots, with 63 beds. Number of lunatics, 3404, or 1 in every 304 persons, in addition to 209 idiots.-South Australia. 2 asylums, and 709 lunatics; admissions during year, 218; 67 cures, 132 improved, and 54 died.- Western Australia. One asylum, with 123 inmates. - Queensland. 4 lunatic reception asylums, with 64 beds; 3 asylums, and 991 patients. - Tasmania. 2 asylums, and 390 patients. -New Zealand. 7 asylums with 1761 patients. Lyell, N.Z. A township in the centre of a mining and agricultural district, and it lies at the junction of the Buller and Lyell creeks, 38 miles S. of Westport, 107 miles S.W. of Nelson and 245 miles from Wellington. Coach runs to Westport, the nearest seaport, and to Nelson. Population 180. Newspaper, Lyell Times. Lyell, Mount, N.S.W. A peak in the Stanley range, near the Broken Hill silver mines, about 2000 feet high. Lymington, Tas. A village in an agricultural and pastoral district on the river Nile, a tributary of the South Esk, 7 miles S.E. from Evandale, and 125 miles from Hobart. Nearest railway station, Clarendon, on the main line. Lynch's Creek, Tas. A mining town. ship on Mount Zeehan railway, connecting with Strahan (Macquarie Harbour). Population 120. Lynd River, Qd., rises in the high table-land in the Kirchnor ranges, and flows into the Mitchell, which empties itself on the western shores of the Cape York Peninsula into the Gulf of Carpen taria. Lyndhurst, N.S.W. A township in an agricultural district, and railway station, on Two Mile Creek, 191 miles W. of Sydney. Population, with district, 600. Lyndhurst, Tas. A tin-mining centre, 70 miles N.E. of Launceston, 200 miles from Hobart, and 28 miles from Scottsdale railway station. railway station on the Woodend, to Daylesford line, 67 miles N.W. of Melbourne. Lyre Bird. The Meniora superba of naturalists is a native of the mountain districts of southern New South Wales and eastern Victoria. It is about the size of a pheasant; is shy, and not easily captured, and inhabits the dense forests of the mountain valleys. Has a very beautiful note, and possesses the power of imitating the voice of other birds. The tail of the male is very remarkable and handsome, the twelve feathers being very long and having very fine and widely separated barbs; whilst beside these there are two long middle feathers, one side and two exterior feathers, curved like the side of an ancient lyre; the nest is dome-shaped. Lyttelton, N.S.W. A township in the Monaro district, in the midst of good agricultural land, and at the foot of the mountains, 312 miles S. of Sydney on Benbooka river. Communication by coach to Tathra, thence by steamer to Sydney. Lyttelton, N.Z. This town is the port of Christchurch, with which it is connected by a railway tunnel, which passes through a range of lofty hills. Lyttelton is a busy shipping place for the wheat and wool produced in the plains of graving dock, with machinery shops, and wharves alongside which ships drawing 35 feet of water can lie. One wharf, the Gladstone, Canterbury, has a shops, an is 1318 feet long. The harbour was somewhat exposed to the sea rolling in from the heads in south-west breezes, but is now protected by two breakwaters, which inclose an area of 112 acres. From Christchurch, 8 miles distant, there is railway communication to most parts of the Middle Island, and a good coach road to Hokitika, on the W. coast, by way of the Otira George. The town is lighted by gas, and electric light has been introduced. The water supply is derived from artesian wells on the Christchurch sides of the hills. Population 4562. Lyndoch, S.A. A township in an agricultural district, 36 miles N. of Adelaide, on the main road between Gawler and Tanunda. Nearest railway station, Gawler. Copper has been found in Lyttelton, Port, N.Z. A bay on the payable quantities. Barossa diggings E. coast near the town of Lyttelton, 4 miles distant, and Humbug Scrub gold- and N. of Banks Peninsula. fields, 8 miles distant. Population 450. Lyonville, Vict. A township in an agricultural and farming district, and Lytton, Qd. A township in an agricultural district, near the mouth of the Brisbane river, 13 miles N.E. of Brisbane. It has a lighthouse, water police, and Nordenfeldt and heavy guns commanding custom house station. The reformatory the entrance to the river, which is also school for boys is here, with accommodation for 180. They are employed in bag and tent making, stone breaking, and in keeping the fort in proper order. A battery mounting two 5-ton and two 64-pounder guns has been erected here, and a redoubt constructed on the top of Signal Hill, mounted with two 10-barrelled defended by submarine mines. Population 300. Lytton, S.A. A new county with an area of 1381 square miles, in the northeastern portion of the settled districts, N. of the railway from Petersburg junction to Cockburn (Broken Hills); town, Teetulpa. M • Maatzuyker Islands, Tas., a group situated a few miles S.E. of the S.W. Cape, and named by Tasman. Macarthur, John, the founder of the pastoral industry of Australasia, was born at Plymouth in 1767, and arrived in New South Wales in 1791 as captain in the New South Wales Corps. He was immediately struck with the pastoral capabilities of the country, and commenced to improve the breed of sheep by crossing the small Bengal with the larger Cape breed. Subsequently he obtained from the King's farm at Kew some fine specimens of the Spanish merino. The success of the experiment surpassed his expectations, and by 1802 sheep-farming had made great strides; Macarthur had 4000 sheep, Rev. Mr. Marsden 2000, Mr. Palmer 1000, and there were several flocks of from 300 to 800. Agriculture was not lost sight of, and Macarthur had a considerable area under crop. Coarse wool was shipped prior to 1806, but in 1810 the produce of Macarthur's finewoolled flock was only 167 lb.; the other flocks being a mixture of Irish, Southdowns, Leicesters, Cape and Indian sheep. Governor Bligh, on landing, took a great antipathy to Macarthur: they had a dispute about a grant of land to Macarthur, which Bligh resolved to cancel; and later on Bligh demanded payment | of a bond for £900 which Macarthur had given, and which was payable under certain circumstances, which Macarthur maintained had not arisen. It is difficult to ascertain the exact merits ofthedispute, but all the officers, civil and military, sided with Macarthur against Bligh. igh. The former was put in gaol by the Governor's direction, but released by the New South Wales Corps, by the orders of Major Johnston, the commandant. After the deposition of Bligh, Macarthur acted under Johnston-who became actinggovernor-as Colonial Secretary. Johnston was subsequently tried by court martial at Chelsea, and cashiered. Macarthur never admitted that he had acted wrongly, but was not permitted to return to the colony for many years. These he employed in foreign travel with his sons, John and William, and in studying the culture of the vine and the olive. In 1817 he was allowed to return to New South Wales, and took with him a large quantity of stores. In 1825 he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council, but after 1831 he spent the greater portion of his time upon his estate at Camden, where he died in 1834. Macarthur, Vict. A township in an agricultural district, on the Breakfast and Blackfellow's creeks and the Eumeralla river, 200 miles S.W. from Melbourne, 21 miles S. from Hamilton, and 30 miles from Belfast. Nearest railway station, Hamilton. Population 320. Macarthur River (Northern Territory), S.A. A stream flowing into the Gulf of Carpentaria, near Sir Edward Pellew's Group, discovered by Leichhardt. Macclesfield, S.A. A township in an agricultural district, 27 miles S.E. of Adelaide. Communication by daily mail coaches. Population 230. Macdonald Town, N.S.W. A suburban municipal district between Newtown and Alexandria, and railway station 2 miles S. of Sydney. Population 2800. Macdonnell, S.A. One of the counties, with an area of 1887 square miles, situated in the S.E. district, intersected by the railway from Wolseley towards Narracoorte, extending from the sea to the Victorian border, and containing the town of Kingston. Macdonnell Port, S.A. A port on the S.E. coast, very near the Victorian boundary line, serving as the outlet for the agricultural produce of Mount Gambier. Macedon, Mount, Vict., about 35 miles N.W. of Melbourne, 3324 feet high, covered with trees to the summit, is the commencement of a wooded range extending easterly. The railway to Echuca passes near its foot, and the facility of access from Melbourne, combined with the bracing air found at a high elevation, has made the mountain a summer resort for the more wealthy citizens of Melbourne. A cottage erected by D. Syme near the summit has been purchased for the summer residence of the Governor of Victoria. The township and railway station near the foot of the mountain is 1660 feet above the level of the sea, 43 miles N.W. of Melbourne, and is in the neighbourhood of a large reservoir. Population 600. McGrath's Flat, S.A., in a pastoral district on Coorong River, 100 miles S.E. of Adelaide. Mail coach daily. McKerrow, Lake, N.Z. A lake in the province of Otago, South Island, through which the Hollyford river flows on its way to Martin's Bay. improved, in compliance with the recom- Popu Mackenzie, Ν.Ζ. A county in the Southern Island in the mountains, and contains Mount Cook, the Tasman Glacier, and Lakes Pukaki and Tekapo. Population 1180. Mackenzie River, Qd., one of the tributaries of the Fitzroy, which falls into the Pacific near Rockhampton, rises in the centre of the Leichhardt district, and flows through a deep and narrow valley in which there are large deposits of coal. Macksville (late Nambucca), N.S.W. A mining and agricultural district on Nambucca River, 341 miles N. of Sydney. Communication by steamer and tri-weekly coach via Kempsey. Valuable timber, silver and antimony are obtained in the district. Population 1200. McLaren Vale, S.A. A township in a farming district, 24 miles S. of Adelaide, to which there is a daily coach. Population 150. Maclean (formerly Rocky Mouth), N.S.W. An important town in the centre of a sugar-growing and agricultural district on the S. bank of the Clarence river, at the junction of the N. and S. arms with the main river, 18 miles from Clarence Heads, 30 miles from Grafton, and 350 miles N. of Sydney. Communication with all other towns and villages on the river is kept up by steamers plying twice daily to Grafton (30 miles), Maclean being the terminus. District court is held here every six months. Coal and ironstone are abundant, and the town contains aerated water, brewery, foundry and engineering works. Population, with district, 10,000. Newspaper, Lower Clarence Advocate. Mackay, Qd. A town and port on the south bank of the Pioneer river, 625 miles N.W. of Brisbane, the terminus of the railways to Mirani and Eton, and the centre of a large sugar-producing district, which yielded, during 1889-90, 13,358 tons of sugar, 421,790 gallons of molasses, and 29,317 gallons of rum; 18 sugar mills are at work, and 2 large central mills have been erected; but the industry languishes through the difficulty of procuring labour; is the port of the Mount Orange and Mount Gotthart copper mines, and the Mount Britten goldfield, and the precious metal has also been found at Euryella and Grasstree. Communication with Mackay is maintained by the boats of the Australian Steam Navigation Company and Howard Smith, and the mail line of the British India Steam Navigation Company, which stop at Flat Top Island. The port, which is not good, is being gradually was appointed Speaker of the first re Macleay, Alexander, naturalist, was born in Scotland in 1767; was secretary to the Transport Board during the war with France, and was one of the founders of the Linnæan Society. In 1825 was appointed Colonial Secretary of New South Wales by Lord Bathurst, and filled that position till his resignation in 1837. In 1843, when in his 77th year, presentative Legislative Council of New South Wales, and fulfilled its duties till 1846, when he resigned. Laid the foundation of the first Free Library in New South Wales in 1843, and was the first member for Moreton Bay in the Sydney Legislature. He was the father of the late Sir George Macleay. Macleay, N.S.W. A pastoral district on the north-east coast, with an area of 3180 square miles, most of which is well suited for agriculture. Macleay River, N.S.W., falls into the Pacific Ocean about 30 miles N. of Port Macquarie. Macorna. Macorna, Vict. A township in an agri Macquarie Harbour (Strahan), Tas. The principal port on the western side of the island, near Cape Sorell, receives the waters of the Gordon, King, and Bendar rivers, and the terminal point of the Strahan and Mount Zeehan railway, 229 miles by water from Hobart. Rich discoveries of gold have been made at the King river, Mount Lyell, Linda, Mount Zeehan, and Mount Dundas. A good seam of lignite has been found near the township. Population, with district, 1100. Macquarie Lake, N.S.W. See LAKES. Macquarie Plains, Tas. A township in hop and agricultural district on the N.W. from Hobart, a railway station on the Derwent Valley line. cultural and pastoral district, and railway N. bank of the river Derwent, 33 miles station on the Kerang line, 165 miles N.N.W. of Melbourne. Population 100. McPherson Ranges, Qd. A portion of the Great Dividing range between New South Wales and Queensland, which extends W. from the sea-coast. Macquarie, Colonel Lachlan. Born in Scotland, 1768; entered the army at the age of eighteen, and eventually became colonel of the 73rd. Was appointed Governor of New South Wales, and arrived at Sydney with a detachment of his own regiment on board the Hindustan, a 50-gun frigate, in 1809. Was Governor from Jan. 1810 till Dec. 1821; devoted himself to improving the means of internal communication and developing the resources of the colony; the passage across the Blue Mountains was discovered during his administration. He built the first lighthouse, that at the South Head; market at Parramatta, founded Newcastle and Bathurst, laid the foundation-stone of the first public school, and built the first Benevolent Asylum. During his régime he paid two visits to Van Diemen's Land. When he left Sydney the population of New South established a Wales and Van Diemen's Land was 38,778; cattle, 102,239; sheep, 290,158; horses, 4564; land under crop, 32,267 acres. After the arrival of his successor, Sir Thomas Brisbane, Colonel Macquarie spent several months in making a tour through the colony. Left for England in the Surrey, Feb. 15th, 1822, and died in London, July 1st, 1824. Macquarie, N.S.W. One of the old counties, situated on the Pacific Ocean, and containing the towns of Wingham and Port Macquarie. Macquarie River, N.S.W. Formed by the junction of the Fish and Campbell rivers after they emerge from the Blue Mountains, and flows in a N.W. direction; in some places navigable for boats, in others almost lost in marshes. Finally it makes its way into the Darling in 30° 45′ S. and 147° 10' E., after a course of 750 miles, in which it passes the important town of Dubbo, where it is crossed by a bridge 300 feet long. Macquarie River, Tas., rises in the Eastern Tiers, receives the waters of the Blackman, Elizabeth and Isis, and falls into Lake River, one of the tributaries of the South Esk. Macrae's Flat, N.Z. A township in the agricultural and mining district of Mount Ida, 1300 feet above sea-level, 63 miles N.W. of Dunedin and 22 miles from Palmerston railway station; the nearest station is Dunbach, 12 miles distant. Population 160. Maffra, Vict. A township in a farming and grazing district, and railway station on the line to Stratford on the Macalister river, 131 miles E.S.E of Melbourne. Maffra is the centre of the Gippsland cattle trade, about 100,000 head passing through the yards annually. Population, with district, 3593. Newspaper, Maffra Spectator. Magill, S. A. A suburb of Adelaide, 5 miles distant, on Third Creek, at the foot of the Mount Lofty ranges; the lowland produces vegetables for the Adelaide market. Population 450. Magnetic Island, Qd., between Halifax Bay and Cape Cleveland, near Townsville, was so named by Cook because it affected the compasses of the Endeavour when he was sailing past it. Maheno, N.Z. A township and railway station on the river Kakanui, 69 miles N.E. from Dunedin, and 10 miles from Oamuru. Maidstone, Vict. A township in an agricultural and pastoral district on the Ballarat road, near the Saltwater river, 6 miles N.W. from Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Footscray. Here are quarries of basalt yielding good stone. In the neighbourhood are the Victoria powder magazine, gun-cotton works, Krebb's Patent Lithofracteur works, etc. Population, with district, 1150. Maignon Bay, Tas. Situated on the S. shores of Tasman's Peninsula, between Cape Raoul and Cape Pillar. Maindample, Vict. A village on Boundary Creek, 127 miles N.E. of Nearest railway station, Moonta. Population 180. Majorca, Vict. A township in an agricultural and mining district, on Mount Greenock Creek and on the road from Talbot to Carisbrook, 112 miles N.W. of Melbourne. Nearest railway stations, Carisbrook, 41 miles distant, and Maryborough, 6 miles N.W. Population 1005, with district 2600. Major's Creek, N.S.W. A township in a gold-mining district on the creek of the same name, 198 miles S. of Sydney and 10 miles from Braidwood. Nearest railway station, Tarago. Makotuku (or Makatoko), N.Z. A township 68 miles from Napier, in the seventymile bush, and on the railway line from Napier to Woodville. Maldon, Vict. A town in a pastoral, agricultural and mining district at the foot of Mount Tarrangower, on the Tarrangower creek, 89 miles N.N.W. of Melbourne and 8 miles from Mansfield. Melbourne. Maldon is the present Nearest railway station, Euroa. Quartz reefs intersect the district in every direction. Population, with district, 150. Main Lead, Vict. A township in a farming, gold-mining and fruit-growing district, 129 miles N.W. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Beaufort, 3 miles distant. Maitland, N.S.W. The second city of New South Wales in population and importance, 120 miles N. of Sydney and 20 from Newcastle, situated on the Great Northern railway and the Hunter river, which has frequently overflowed its banks and inundated the city; is the official and commercial headquarters of the agricultural, mining, pastoral and vine-growing district of the Lower Hunter; is the see of a Roman Catholic bishop, and a place for holding circuit and district courts. The city is divided into E. and W. Maitland, communication between them being by means of omnibuses. Contains several handsome banks, public offices, hospitals, gaol, many churches of all the Christian denominations, colleges and schools; is lighted with gas, and has an excellent supply of water. During the last few years a river wall has been constructed, at a cost of £30,000, to protect the city from floods. Population 9000. Newspaper, Maitland Mercury. Maitland, S.A. A township on Yorke's Peninsula, 111 miles W. of Adelaide, terminal station of the branch railway line from Castlemaine. The district is noted for its auriferous wealth, and there are 76 distinct reefs. The mining plant is valued at £169,230. Population, with district, 4422. Newspaper, Tarrangower Times. Mallala, S.A. A township in the centre of a grazing and agricultural district, 37 miles N. of Adelaide. A coach runs to Adelaide, also to Wasleys railway station. Population 947. Mallee Scrub, in the N.W. district of Victoria and S.E. of South Australia, is an area of country about 9000 square miles in extent, covered with one uninterrupted waving prairie of the eucalyptus dumosa. The trees or rather shrubs grow together like reeds, and not thicker, without a branch, until they have attained a height of about 14 feet, and so dense that ten or twelve stems may be seen springing from a single root. Patches of fairly grassed land are occasionally found in this scrub, but in its native state it is almost valueless for grazing purposes. When the scrub is destroyed an expensive process -the soil is found to be good; and, as is shown by the irrigation colonies of the Messrs. Chaffey at Mildura, it is when irrigated capable of growing large crops of grain and fruit. Malmesbury (Northern Territory), S.A. A county S. of the county of Palmerston, and watered by the Daly river. |