Ascot Vale Stakes, 6 furlongs, for 2-year- St. John, Melbourne, 1 min. 28 secs.; olds; the St. Leger, for 3-year-olds, 1 mile 6 furlongs 132 yards; the Newmarket Handicap, 6 furlongs, for 3 years and upwards; the Australian Cup, 24 miles, for all horses. Geelong. The Geelong Cup, 14 miles. Caulfield. Great Foal Stakes, mile, for 2-year-olds; Caulfield Guineas, 1 mile, for 3-year-olds; the Caulfield Cup, a handicap, 14 mile, for all horses. 1 mile, Boolka, at Melbourne, and Kingfish, at Hawkesbury, 1 min. 40 secs.; 14 mile, Carbine, at Randwick, 2 min. 7 secs.; 14 mile, Megaphone, Hawkesbury, 2 min. 354 secs.; 14 mile, Coriolanus, Randwick, 3 min. 4 secs.; 2 miles, Carbine, Melbourne, 3 min. 284 secs.; 24 miles, Dreadnought, Melbourne, 3 min. 594 secs.; 3 miles, Trident, Mel -NEW SOUTH WALES. Hawkesbury. bourne, 5 min. 254 secs. The largest winGuineas, 1 mile, for 3-year-olds; Grand ning sire for 1889-90 was Chester, by YattenHandicap, 14 mile. Randwick, Austra-don-Lady Chester, whose progeny won lian Jockey Club Derby, for 3-year-olds, £17,872; the largest winning owner being 14 mile: A. J. C. Oaks, for 3-year-old the late Hon. J. White, of New South fillies, 1 mile; Great Metropolitan Wales, who won £22,039; and the second Stakes, 2 miles, a handicap; Randwick D. S. Wallace, of Victoria, whose winnings amounted to £8977. The winners of the Melbourne Cup have been as follows : 1861 Archer Plate, 3 miles, for all horses; second LAND. Brisbane. The Derby, 11 mile, 1862 Archer 1864 Lantern. 1865 Toryboy. 1866 The Barb 1867 Tim Whiffler 1871 The Pearl Date. Horse. AUSTRALIA. Adelaide. The Adelaide Cup, 1879 Darriwell 22 4 33 1882 Assyrian 5 25 29 5 furlongs, for 2-year-olds; St. Leger 1875 Wollomai 1876 Briseis Stakes, 1 mile 6 furlongs, for 3-year-olds; 1877 Chester 1880 Grand Flaneur 3 1883 Martini Henry 8 1884 Malwa 1887 Dunlop. 1888 Mentor 1889 Bravo 1890 Carbine. 1891 Malvolio 6 12 3 34 5 10 3 32 7 13 3 40 753 30 993 31 7 11 3 29 74 3 31 1 mile 5 furlongs, a handicap. -TASMANIA. 1881 Zulu. Hobart Cup, 1 mile, a handicap; Launceston Cup, 14 mile, a handicap.WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Queen's Plate, 3 miles, for all horses; Perth Cup, 2 miles, a handicap; Perth Handicap, 11⁄2 mile. Races in their time famous were the Launceston Champion Race, 3 miles; the Ballarat Cup, 2 miles. - In NEW ZEALAND the most important races are the Canterbury Derby, 11⁄2 mile, for 3-year-olds; the Canterbury Cup, a handicap, for all horses, 24 miles; the Christchurch Plate, 2 miles, for all horses. The racing at Auckland and Dunedin is very good. The fastest times on record in Australia are: mile, Bis Bis at Adelaide, 48 secs.; 5 furlongs, Acme, Hawkesbury, 1 min. 11⁄2 secs.; 6 furlongs, Volcano, but was abandoned in 1826. Another Hawkesbury, 1 min. 14 secs.; 7 furlong's, attempt was made in 1827 by Capt. The performance of Carbine is considered most extraordinary. Radstock, Cape, S.A. A headland in the Great Australian Bight, a few miles N.W. of Venus Harbour. Raffles Bay (Northern Territory), S.A. A settlement near Port Essington; was founded by Captain Barker in 1823, Sterling, but the colonists soon abandoned Mr. Randle took contract for portion of the settlement. Raglan, N.S.W. A township in a grazing and agricultural district, and railway station on the Great Western line, 2436 feet above sea-level, 140 miles W.N.W. of Sydney. Population 380. Raglan, N.Z. A county in the Northern Island, with a population of 1091. Raglan, N.Z. A small township in a limestone district on the S. shores of Whaingaroa harbour on the W. coast of the North Island, 70 miles S. of the city of Auckland. Nearest railway station, Hamilton. The harbour of Whaingaroa line between Sydney and Paramatta, August 9th, 1851, and whole contract August 1852. A company was formed at Maitland, capital £100,000, for railway between Newcastle and Maitland, April 20th, 1853. Work was actually commenced, but the line was transferred to the Government, July 30th, 1854, and the Sydney and Goulburn Company was handed over, Sept. 3rd, 1854. Since that date all the railways in New South Wales have been constructed and worked by the Government, with the exception of a line from Moama to Deniliquin, which is an ex is 20 miles N. of Kawhia harbour, 14 tension of the Victorian system from miles N. of Aotea harbour, and accessible Echuca, and on the Victorian gauge of to vessels of considerable tonnage. Timber 5 ft. 3 in., the New South Wales gauge and ironstone are found at the mountain being 4 ft. 84 in.; and a short line from on the S. side of the harbour. Mineral Silverton to the South Australian border. springs have also been discovered here. Population 730. Raglan, Vict. A small township in a farming district on Fiery Creek, 128 miles W.N.W. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Beaufort, 6 miles distant. The Fiery Creek goldfields, once very important, are in the neighbourhood. Saw mills have been established in the neighbouring forest. Population, with district, 1250. Railton, Tas. A township in a farming, grazing and coal mining district, and railway station in Red Water Creek, 2 miles W. from the Mersey, 8 miles from Latrobe, 67 miles N.W. of Launceston, and 206 miles N. of Hobart. Population 240. The first railway in New South Wales, between Sydney and Parramatta, was opened Sept. 27th, 1855. Sydney is the centre of the New South Wales line. - Victoria. The first railways were commenced by private companies-viz., Melbourne and Hobson Bay, Melbourne and Geelong, Melbourne and Williamstown, Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River. All these lines received subsidies in the shape of land, contributions to cost of surveys, and in some.cases, guaranteed interest. A comprehensive system was recommended by the Surveyor-General, the present Sir Andrew Clarke, G.C.M.G., but much modified by the Legislature. The Melbourne and Hobson Bay railway was commenced June 1853, and opened Railways. The present condition and to Sandridge Sept. 14th, 1854; and to cost of the various railways will be found under the head of their respective colonies. The following are a few interesting facts:- New South Wales. The question of railway communication was discussed at a public meeting, June 29th, 1846; a deputation waited upon Governor Fitzroy, August 1846; Sydney Tramroad and Railway Company, capital £100,000, formed Sept. 11th, 1846. Meeting held to arrange for surveys for lines from Sydney to Goulburn and Sydney to Hawkesbury and Nepean rivers. First sod of Sydney and Goulburn railway turned by the Hon. Mrs. Keith Stuart, daughter of Sir Charles Fitzroy, in presence of a large assemblage, July 1850. Work was commenced May 1st, 1850, but discontinued for want of labour. St. Kilda May 13th, 1857. The Melbourne and Geelong railway was commenced Sept. 20th, 1853, and opened June 25th, 1857; the Melbourne and Williamstown railway was opened Jan. 17th, 1859; the Mount Alexander railway was never actually commenced by private hands. In 1857 the Government determined to commence two lines: a railway from the Salt Water river, on the Melbourne and Williamstown railway, to Sandhurst, another from Geelong to Ballarat, and a tramway from Portland to Hamilton. A railway from St. Kilda to Brighton, belonging to a private company, was opened on Dec. 21st, 1861, and another from Melbourne to Windsor about the same date. Neither of these lines was financially successful, and they became the property of the Hobson's Bay railway. On Sept. 4th, 1860, the Government took possession by purchase of the Melbourne and Geelong railway, and some years later they bought a short line from Melbourne to the Flemington racecourse and to Essendon, which they used as the basis for the North-Eastern railway. This purchase gave them control over all the railways in the colony, excepting only the Hobson's Bay system, which was purchased for the sum of £1,320,820, on June 25th, 1878. Uniform gauge, 5 ft. 3 in. Melbourne is the centre of all the Victorian lines. South Australia. The first line con Grant system near Albany, and some tramways, built by the timber companies, are also in existence. The uniform gauge is 3 ft. 6 in., and Perth is the centre of the railway system. - Queensland has eleven distinct systems, and has no common centre, the starting-point of each line being a shipping port. The first sod was turned at Ipswich on Feb. 2nd, 1864, that point being near the head of the navigable waters of the Bremer, and was opened to Grandchester July 31st, 1865. The central railway from Rockhampton was opened Sept. 17th, 1867. The uniform gauge of the Queensland railways is 3 ft. 6 in., and they are all the property structed was a horse tramway from ❘ of the Government.-Tasmania. The first Goolwa to Port Elliot, 7 miles, in 1854. The railway from Adelaide to Port Adelaide, 7 miles, was opened April 26th, 1856, and extended to the Semaphore, Jan. 1878. The first section of the North line to Smithfield, 18 miles, was opened in June 1857, and extended to Gawler in October the same year, and to Kapunda in 1860. The first sod of the Trans-Continental line was turned at Port Augusta, Jan. 28th, 1878, and extended to Warrina, 634 miles from Adelaide, on Nov. 1st, 1889; and to Oodnadatta, 689 miles from Adelaide, in 1891. The line from Petersburg to Cockburn, on the New South Wales border near Broken Hill, 145 miles, was opened June 14th, 1887. The overland railway to Melbourne was opened to Bordertown May 1st, 1866. The Port North and Southern lines are on the 5 ft. 3 in. gauge, the others are on the 3 ft. 6 in. gauge. All the South Australian railways are the property of the Government, and have their centre at Adelaide. A line in the Northern Territory, 146 miles long, connects Palmerston with Pine Creek. Western Australia. The first railways constructed were by undertakers on behalf of the Government, the local bodies in the north of the island guaranteeing the interest. The first line commenced was from Launceston to Deloraine, the first sod being turned by H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, on Jan. 15th, 1868, and the first train started was on Aug. 19th, 1869. The main line from Hobart to Launceston, 133 miles long, was built by an English company on a guarantee of 5 per cent. for thirty years; but it has since been acquired by the State, which now owns all the railways in the island except those from Emu Bay to Mount Bischoff, 47 miles, and the Elwick railway, 1 mile. The original gauge for the Western railway was 5 ft. 3 in., but the 3 ft. 6 in. gauge has now been adopted throughout Tasmania. Most of the railways have their base at Hobart or Launceston, but the Mount Bischoff railway is quite distinct.-New Zealand. Each province has its peculiar system of railways, each starting from a separate port; but a few of the lines, notably from Wellington railway was between Geraldton, Champion to Taranaki and from Christchurch to Bay and Northampton. First sod turned Invercargill, run from one province to Nov. 22nd, 1874; opened 1878. The first section of the Eastern railway from Fremantle to Perth opened March 1st, 1881; now open to Beverley, 110 miles: both these lines have short branches. A line from Beverley to Albany, 242 miles, has been constructed on the Land Grant system, and another concession on similar lines has been granted for a railway from Guildford on the Eastern line to Walkaway on the Geraldton railway, a distance of 300 miles. A short line on the Land another. The line from Christchurch to Lyttelton was opened in 1863. The uniform gauge is 3 ft. 6 in. In addition to the Government lines, there are several, of which the most important is the Wellington and Manawatu, 84 miles, and the Midland on the W. coast, belonging to private companies. The longest railway bridge in Australasia is over the Hawkesbury, 2896 feet in length. Rakeahua, Mount, N.Z., 2110 feet high, is a peak in Stewart's Island. Rakiura, N.Z., the Maori name for Stewart's Island. Raleigh, N.S.W. A new county in the Pacific Ocean, between the Mackay and Clarence rivers, and contains the cedar districts of Macksville. Ralph Bay Peninsula, Tas., on the E. bank of the Derwent, below Hobart, is a neck of land between river and Frederick Henry Bay. Ram Head, Vict. A cape in the Pacific Ocean, which is nearly the most S.E. point of Victoria and Australia. Ram Head, Vict. A headland in Gippsland, a few miles S.W. of Cape Howe; was the second point of land seen by Cook, and was named by him from its resemblance to Ram Head at the entrance to Plymouth Sound. Ramahyuck, Vict. A Presbyterian mission station on a reserve of 2300 acres on the Gippsland river Avon, 15 miles from Sale. Randwick, N.S.W. A suburb on the S. side, 3 miles distant from Sydney. Randwick has one of the finest race between Bourke and Wilcannia, but nearer the latter. Rannes, Qd. A settlement between Taroon and Westwood on the Woolein creek, 43 miles from Westwood railway station, on the Central railway, and 70 from Rockhampton. Population 100. Raoul, Cape, Tas., at the S.W. point of Tasman's Peninsula, is celebrated for the picturesque basaltic pillars in the neighbourhood. Rapid Bay, S.A. An inlet on the E. shore of the Gulf of St. Vincent, a few miles N. of Cape Jervis and Backstairs Passage. Ravenswood, Qd. A mining township on the watersheds of the Conolly and Elphinstone creeks, tributaries of the Burdekin river, 770 miles N. W. of Brisbane, 50 miles from Charters Towers, and 78 from Townsville. The goldfield was opened in 1870, since which date to end of 1887, 353,000 oz. of gold have been raised; the gold is mixed with large quantities of mundic, which makes its extraction difficult. During 1889 the yield of gold was only 15,719 oz. Silver has been found in the neighbourhood. The courses in Australia. The first Australian Derby and Leger were contested here, outlying mining camps are: Strathalbyn, and won respectively by Close and 27 miles; Kirk, 20 miles; Rochford, 25 Falcon. There is a good water supply, and the town is lighted with gas. Popu lation 1500. Rangatira Island, N.Z. One of the Chatham Islands, which see. Rangiora, N.Z. A township in the centre of the fine farming and graingrowing district of North Canterbury, and railway station, 21 miles N.W. from Christchurch. It contains extensive flour-mills and breweries. Population, with district, 2888. The population consists of natives and whalers; black iron sand has been discovered, tin ore and auriferous quartz reefs abound at Port Williams, one of the other harbours, and Pegasus Bay. The other harbours are Port William and Patterson's Inlet. Some of the valleys are fertile, and the higher land is covered with timber. Newspaper, Rangiora Standard. Rangitikei, N.Z. A county in the Northern Island, with a population of 4438. Rangitoto, N.Z., an island on the E. coast, near Auckland. Rankin, N.S.W. One of the new counties on the E. bank of the Darling, miles; Lower Camp, 16 miles; and Sandy Creek. Nearest railway station, Ravens wood Junction on the Northern line. Population, 2200 Europeans and 130 Chinese. Newspaper, Ravenswood Mining Journal. Ravenswood Junction, Qd. A small township and railway station on the Northern line, on the top of the range, 951 feet above sea-level, 54 miles from Townsville, 24 miles from Ravenswood, and 29 miles from Charters Towers. Ravenswood, Vict. A township in a pastoral and agricultural district, and railway station on the Melbourne and Echuca line, on Bullock Creek, 90 miles from Melbourne, 8 miles N. of Harcourt, and 7 miles S. of Kangaroo Flat. Population, with district, 350. Rawene, N.Z. A township situated at the junction of the Waima and Taheke rivers with the main waters of the Hokianga river, 18 miles from the entrance, 177 miles from Auckland. Raymond, James, was PostmasterGeneral of New South Wales from 1829 till his death at Sydney, May 29th, 1851. Raymond Terrace, N.S.W. A township river, near its junction with the Williams river, 18 miles N. of Newcastle, and 118 miles from Sydney, to which there is steamer communication. Nearest railway station, Hexham. Population, with district, 2100. Newspaper, Gloucester Gazette. in an agricultural and wine-growing Redruth, S.A. A township in a pastoral, district on the E. bank of the Hunter mining and agricultural district on Raywood, Vict. A township in a mining, pastoral and agricultural district, and railway station near Myer's Creek, 119 miles N.N.W. of Melbourne, and 19 miles from Sandhurst. Population 469. Razorback, Mt., Qd. One of the highest peaks of the Coast range. Receveur, Père le, the naturalist of the Astrolabe, Captain De la Perouse, arrived at Botany Bay Jan. 24th, 1788, and died there Feb. 17th, of wounds received in an encounter with natives at the Navigators Island. Recherche Archipelago, W.A. A group of islands on the S. coast, about half-way between King George's Sound and Eucla; was named by D'Entrecasteaux in 1792, after one of his ships. Recherche Bay, Tas. A bay discovered by D'Entrecasteaux near the South-East Cape. Redbank, Vict. A township in a mining and grazing district on Cherry Tree Creek, 141 miles N.W. of Melbourne, 66 miles from Ballarat, and 30 miles from Maryborough. Nearest railway station, Avoca, 21 miles distant; has a good water supply. Population 180. Burra Creek, 101 miles N.N.E. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Kooringa, 1 mile distant. The celebrated Burra Burra mine is mile distant. Redruth, Vict. A small village on the Wannon river, 231 miles W. from Melbourne, 12 miles from Hamilton, and 10 miles from Coleraine. A beautiful cascade of water, 100 feet high, called Wannon Falls is a short distance away. Population 70. Reedy Creek, Vict. A township in a mining district on Reedy Creek, 55 miles N. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Broadford, 8 miles distant. Population 200. Reedy Flat, N.S.W. A village in a mining and agricultural district, on the Gilmore and Reedy Flat creeks, 333 miles S.W. of Sydney. Nearest railway station, Gundagai. Population 100. Reefton, N.Z. A township in the centre of an extensive auriferous and mining district on Inangahua Creek, 48 miles N.E. from Greymouth, on the W. coast of the Southern Island. Communication by way of Greymouth, its seaport, or from Hokitika, 77 miles S., also Westport, 46 miles N.W. from Nelson, via Foxhill. Up to March 31st, 1889, the yield of gold from quartz had been 342,896 oz., valued at £1,330,450, and from the alluvial diggings 95,955 oz., valued at £349,604; is being connected with Greymouth by the Midland Redfern, N.S.W. The principal suburb railway. The most profitable mining of Sydney, and includes the railway companies are the Welcome and the terminus. It contains boot factories, Keep-it-Dark; the former paid £110,250 ironworks, coach factories, cooperages, in dividends, the latter £99,083. Popudairies, cordial factories, broom factories, iron foundries, brass foundry, soap factory, bedding and a tobacco factory. Population 24,000. Newspaper, Suburban Times. Redhill, S.A. A township 126 miles N. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Saddleworth. Population 260. Red Hill, Vict. A small township in an agricultural and pastoral district, 1500 feet above sea-level, on the Arthur's Seat range, 50 miles S.S.E. from Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Mornington. There is a racecourse 14 mile distant. Population 150. Redland Bay, Qd. A settlement 25 miles from Brisbane. The soil is good for growing bananas and sugarcane. lation of town and district 2000. Newspapers, Inangahua Herald, Times and Guardian. Reeves Plains, S.A. A postal town 38 miles N. of Adelaide, in the centre of a district suitable for tillage. Reeves, Vict. A lake in the Gippsland district, counties of Tanjil and Buln Buln; covers 4000 acres of brackish water. Reid's Creek, Qd. A mining village S.W. of Mount Perry, 4 miles from the nearest railway station, which is on the line from Bundaberg. The principal reefs are Reid's Creek, and Mount Perry Copper and Smelting Co., but they are now nearly abandoned. |