Falfe as thou art, and more than falfe, forfworn; But go; thy Flight no longer I detain: Go, feek thy promis'd Kingdom thro' the Main.* What a Storm is here, and how inimitably painted! §. 22. Tranfition is of two Sorts } 1. The first is when a Speech is introduced abruptly, with out exprefs Notice given of it. As when Milton gives an Account of our firft Ancestors Evening Devotions. Both turn'd, and under open Sky ador'd The God that made both Sky, Air, Earth and Heaven-- Maker Omnipotent, and thou the Day! Had it introduced in a formal Manner, Adam prefents their joint Petition thus; 2 it had loft all its Sprightlinefs and Grace. After the Greek Poet has finish'd the Narration of Hector putting to flight the Grecians, and vehemently urging his Trojans to purfue their Advantage, and forbear the Spoil of the Field till they had barn'd the Enemies Ships, without any notice he immediately makes the Hero utter his own Paffion in an impetuous Speech; wherein he threatens Difgrace and Death to any Man that should difobey his Orders, and neglect this promifing Seafon of a compleat Victory. The Speech that breaks from a Warrior in the Speed of his glorious Succefs, in the * Virg. Æn. full full Profpect of Revenge upon his Enemies, and the final Deliverance of his Country and Kingdoms after a long and bloody War, comes rapid and refiftlefs like a pointed Shot out of an Engine, and strikes the Reader with Surprize and Terror. Leaving out the heavy Formality of, He faid, and, He reply'd, is very graceful in Stories and Dialogues, renders the Relation clear and full, and the Repartee quick and lively. Horace is extremely happy in this Sort of Tranfition; as indeed he is in every Delicacy of Turn, and Beauty of Language. 2. The fecond Sort of Tranfition is when a Writer fuddenly leaves the Subject he is upon, and passes on to another from which it feems very different at first View; but has a Relation and Connection with it, and ferves to illuftrate and enlarge it. Horace in the thirteenth Ode of the fecond Book gives us a very lively Account of the Danger he was in of being deftroyed by the Fall of a Tree, and after makes wife and moral Remarks on the Accident. Then he fallies out into an Account of the other World, upon which he was so near entering; and beautifully expatiates upon the Praises of his illuftrious Predeceffors in Lyric Poetry; who were heard with Pleafure and Wonder there, as they us'd to be in this World. In these Cases the Poet does not disappoint his Reader of the Inftruction and Pleasure he proposes, but multiplies and encreases both; nor does he fo much take him off from the View of his Subject, as he gives him a delightful Profpect of it every way, and in the best Light. A Guide cannot be faid to mislead the Traveller, who brings him fafely and pleasantly to his Journey's End; and only takes him out of the common Road, to fhew him a Palace or a Paradife, to entertain him with a Wonder or furprizing Curiosity. §. 23. Sentence is an inftructive or lively Remark made on fomething very obfervable and agreeably furprizing; which contains much Senfe in few Words. 'Tis either direct and plain; as, in all the Affairs of the World fo much Reputation is really so much Power 2. Ór indirect and difguis'd; as, Fool, not to think how vain, a Tillotfon. This Milton's Par. Loft, vi. 135, 136. This is a very dextrous and prevalent Way of bringing in a Sentence. You are entertained with a noble Reflection when you did not expect it; and pleasantly furpriz'd and inftructed without the Appearance and Formality of Art. Not to come down to useless Nicety and Distinction, a Sentence appears with most Beauty and Advantage when it is put into fome of these following Forms. 1. When it is exprefs'd in any way of Exclamation, but peculiarly of Wonder or Indignation; as, How advantageous it is to pass thro' Adverfities to the Enjoyment of Profperity! How harper than a Serpent's Tooth it is to have a thankless Child! 2. When it is put into a moving Expoftulation, or preffing Interrogation. Are thefe our Scepters? These our due Rewards? And is it thus that Jove his plighted Faith regards© ? 3. When the Sentence is deliver'd, and a Reafon immediately added to fupport it. In a Government it is much better to be unmindful of good Services than bad: For a good Man only becomes more flow, when you take no account of him; a bad Man more daring and infolent. 4. When a Sentence is made up of a fhort Relation, and a clear and pertinent Remark upon it. Meffalina defir'd the Name of Matrimony (with her Adulterer Silius) purely for the Greatness of the Infumy; which is the laft Pleafure of profligate People ©. And this is near akin to the Epiphonema, of which we shall presently speak two or three Words. Sentences must not stand aukward and bulky out of the Difcourfe, but be neatly interwoven and wrought into it. They must be unaffected and fignificant; and fuch as the Subject easily suggests to a thoughtful and diftinguishing Man. Sentences are the Ornaments and Lights of a Difcourfe; and therefore as Lights and Shades are in a good Picture, so ought Sentences to be fo exactly and judiciously mixt with the other Parts of the Difcourfe, that all together may make up one uniform Beauty, one regular and confummate Piece. §. 24. Epiphonema is an Acclamation, containing a lively Remark placed at the End of a Difcourfe or Narration. So Milton, on the Obftinacy of the Rebel Angels, who were fo infatuated that they would not fubmit, tho' they knew Almighty Power and Majesty came arm'd against them. In heavenly Minds can fuch Perverfenefs dwell! the This Figure clofes a Narration in a very advantageous and taking Manner, deeply impreffes the Thing related upon Memory of the Reader; and leaves him in a good Humour, well fatisfy'd and pleas'd with the Senfe and Sagacity of his Author. PART PART VI. OF DRAWING. HOUGH fome may look upon Drawing as one of thofe Accomplishments that are rather ornamental than useful, yet fo elegant and agreeable an Amufement for leisure Hours, as the Art of Drawing affords, should by no means be neglected in the Education of Youth; especially where any Genius or Inclination that Way is difcover'd in the Pupil. And I am far from being of Opinion that it is merely ornamental; for befides the great Ufe it is of to Painters, Engravers, Architects, Engineers, Gardeners, Cabinetmakers, Carvers, Embroiderers, Statuaries, Tapeftry-Weavers, and many others concern'd in Defigning; how very ufeful and agreeable muft it be to any one to be able on the Spot to take the Sketch of a fine Building, or a beautiful Profpect; of any curious Piece of Art, or uncommon Appearance in Nature! I fhall therefore think a fmall Portion of my Time extremely well employ'd in giving you fome fhort Rules for the Attainment of fo much of this Art, as is proper for a Gentleman, or a Man of common Business; and in laying before you fome few Examples for your Entertainment and Improvement therein, fo far as is neceffary for one who does not intend to make the Art of Drawing his Employment. LESSON I Of the proper Materials, and the Manner of using them. T HE firft Thing neceffary is to furnish yourself with proper Materials, fuch as black Lead Pencils, Crayons of black, white, or red Chalk, Crow-quill Pens, a Rule and Compaffes, Camel's-hair Pencils, and Indian Ink. Accustom yourfelf to hold your Pencil farther from the Point than you do |