15 Cynic Heroes (r), 8 Demi-Gods (s), 12 Gods (t), and Sol the Son of Vulcan, and we have perhaps Manetho's 113 Generations: In like manner I might attempt to fix the Numbers of Years, which he affigned to the several Generations : If the Reigns of his Kings amounted to between 17 and 1800 Years, then the Reigns of his Gods, Demi-Gods and Heroes, filled up the space of almost 35000; for all together made 36525 Years. The Numbers of Years of the Reigns of the Kings, as calculated in the Supplement to the old Chronographeon, are 1710 (u): The Dynafties ended with Nectanebus, A. M. 3654 (w); count back from hence 1710 Years, and we begin the Reign of the first King, A. M. 1944: Menes, or the Mixraim of Mofes (x), went into Egypt about A. M. 1772, removed from the Land of Zoan there into a further Part of the Country about A. M. 1881, and died about A. M. 1943 (y); fo that Manetho's Accounts began the Kings about Menes's Times (z): Of this fort, I believe, was the Work of Manetho: And it is obvious to obferve of it, that it did. not appear to carry the Accounts of the Egyptian Kings fo far backward, as the Greeks must

(r) Chronograph, Syncell. p. 51. (s) Ibid. (t) Ibid. (u) Vid. quæ fup. (w) Syncell. p. 256. (x) See Vol. I. B. IV. (y) Ibid. (x) I cannot think the Numbers are printed fo accurately, or that we may be able perhaps to correct them with fo much certainty and exactness, as to determine abfolutely that this was the real Number fixed by Manetho; from this Number we may form a general notion of his Computations, and that is all we ean pretend to endeavour at.

imagine they ought to be carried, from what had been before published of them in the Greek Tongue. Herodotus wrote about a Century and half earlier than Manetho (a): and according to what he collected, the Egyptians had had from Menes to Cambyfes above 350 Kings (6): When Herodotus was in Egypt, he was carried into a Temple, where he counted the Number of the Statues of the Priefts, that were fet up there, and he told 345 (c); and the Egyptians informed him, that they had fo many Priests, and as many Kings, from Menes their first King to Sethos (d): We cannot imagine that Herodotus fhould herein publish an abfolute Falfhood; and if Herodotus did indeed fee fuch a Collection of Statues, how is it poffible, that there should have been no more Kings of Egypt, than what Manetho feems to have fuggefted? But this matter may be eafily cleared. The Egyptians had collected into this Temple the Statues of Priests from a multitude of Cities, and might, in fhewing them to Strangers oftentatiously fet off the number of their Priefts and Kings, not telling how they had collected them, and they might hereby easily send into the World enlarged Accounts of the Egyptian Antiquities: But Manetho knew the Affairs of his Country too well to be led into this Error: He fuppofed one continued Empire to have fubfifted and been maintained in Egypt from

(a) Compute the Time of Herodotus from Prideaux Connect, Part I. B. VI. ad an. 444. (b) Herodot. Hift. lib. 2. (c) Id. ibid. c. 141. (d) Ibid.

Menes

Menes to Nectanebus; that the Seat of it had in different Ages been at different Cities; fometimes at This, fometimes at Memphis, fometimes at Diofpolis, and fometimes at Tanis; and accordingly he deduces and connects a Series of those Kings, whom he imagined to have had in their Times the fupreme Command, omitting all others their Contemporaries, whom he fuppofed to have governed but as Deputies to these in their respective Provinces or Cities: However Manetho's Account does not feem to have given an entire Satisfaction; for in a little Time after he had composed it, in the Reign of Ptolemy Euergetes the immediate Succeffor of Philadelphus, who had employed Manetho, Eratofthenes was ordered to make a further Collection of the Egyptian Kings.

III. Eratofthenes was a Cyrenian, had studied at Athens, was of great Eminence for his Parts and Learning, had an Invitation into Egypt from Ptolemy Euergetes, who made him one of the Keepers of the royal Library at Alexandria (e), and commanded him to give him a Catalogue of the Egyptian Kings: Eratosthenes hereupon made a Lift of the Kings, who had reigned at Thebes or Diofpolis, and to every King's Name added the Number of Years in his Reign: His Catalogue is preserved in Syncellus (f), and the Names of the Kings, and Number of Years of the refpective Reigns fet down in it, are as follows. 7. Menes reigned Years 62. . Athothes 59. III. Another Athothes 32. IV. Diabies

(e) Vof. de Hiftor. Græc. 1. 1. c. 17. Prideaux Connect. Part. 2. B. 2. (f) Syncell. p. 91-147.

0 4

19:

19. v. Pemphos 18. VI. Tagar Amachus Momcheiri 79. VII. Stachus 6. VIII. Goformies 30. Ix. Mares 26. x. Anoyphes 20. XI. Sirius 18. XII. Chnoubus Gneurus 22. XIII. Ramofis 13. XIV. Biyris 10. xv. Saophis Comaftes 29. XVI. Sen-Saophis 27. XVII. Mofcheris Heliodotus 31. XVIII. Mufthis 33. XIX. Pammus Archondes 35. xx. Apappus maximus 100. xxI. Achefcus Ocaras 1. xxii. Nitocris 6. xxIII. Myrtaus Ammonodotus 22. XXIV. Thuofi Mares 12. xxv. Thinillus 8. xxvI. Sempbruceates 18. XXVII. Chouther Taurus 7. XXVIII. Meures Philofcorus 12. XXIX. Chomaptha Mundus Philephaæftus 11. xxx Anchunius Ochy-Tyrannus 60. xxxi. Penteathyris 16. XXXII. Stamenemes 23. XXXIII. Siftofichermes 55. XXXIV. Maris 43. xxxv. Siphoas or Mercury 5. XXXVI. The Name of the King is wanting, the Years of his Reign are 14. XXXVII. Pheuron or Nilus 5 Years. XXXVIII. Amuthantaus 63. This is the Remain we have of Eratofthenes, taken by Syncellus from the Annals of Apollodorus (g): It begins from Menes, who was the Mizraim of Mofes (b), 62 Years before the Death of Menes, 124 Years, fays Syncellus, after the Confufion of Tongues (i), that is, when Menes removed from the Land of Tanis into Thebais, A. M. 1881 (k): The Sum of all the Reigns contained in the Catalogue amount, according to Syncellus, to 1076 Years (), and confequently the Catalogue may be

computed to end A. M. 2957. But before I leave this Work of Eratofthenes, I would offer a few Remarks upon it. 1. The Nature and Manner of it points out, what were the reputed Defects of Manetho's Performance, at the Time of compofing it: Had Manetho's been esteemed a complete Work, Eratofthenes would certainly not have been employed fo foon after him: But the Number of Egyptian Kings suggested by Herodotus, upon the Appearance of a strict Enquiry, and a very good Information, could not but put the learned Greeks at Alexandria, as well as others, upon examining whether Manetho was not deficient in his Number of Egyptian Kings: With this View Eratosthenes collected the Kings of one particular Kingdom. There were in Manetho's Dynafties but about 15 Kings of the Theban Kingdom (m): But befides thefe, Eratofthenes collected 38, who had been omitted by Manetho. 2. The learned have very reasonably computed Eratosthenes's Catalogue to be carried down to the Times of the first Diofpolitan King mentioned in the (n) Dynafties of Manetho, i. e. the King of Diofpolis, who was the firft of Manetho's XII. Dynafty, was the immediate Succeffor of Amu

but 1050: But I must observe that in the Margin of Syncellus's Chronographia, at the Name of Penteathyris the xxxi King, it is remarked, that the Years of his Reign fhould be read μb' not is' 42, not 16; make this Correction, and the Sum of Years of the Catalogue will be 1076, as Syncellus writes it. (m) Vid. Chronograph. xix, xx, xxiii. Dyn. Syncell. p. 51, 52. (n) Marfham. Can. Chron. p. 3. Prideaux Connect. Part. 2. B. 2. ad ann. 239.

thantaus