TABLE 1.-Of the TENSILE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS—continued.

lbs.

lbs.

tons

35,880
41,000

23,920
22,500

Bismuth
Brass, yellow, cast

copper 2, zinc 1
Gun-metal, copper 9, tin 1
Muntz-metal, copper 6, zinc 4
Copper, cast, pure
Copper bolts, 23, 2, 1, and finch diameter

cast
hammered

..

wire

: : : :

:::::::

: : : : : : :

11,

99

lbs.
3,692 1.65 Muschenbroek.
17,968

8:01 Rennie.
28,940 12.9

Anderson.
31,280 14.0
49,280 22:0
31,830 14.2
35,930 16:0
20,638 9.21 Rennie.
33,792 15:1
63,230 28.2
29,000 12.95 Anderson.
30,700 13.700
33,000 14.73
38,000 17.00
1,814 0.81 Rennie.
2,757 1.23 Morveau, &o.
3,328 1:48 Tredgold.
2,510 | 1:10 Jardine.
40,902 18:26 Muschenbroek.
38,256 17.08 Sickingen.
54,730 24.43 Morveau, &c.
5,566 | 2:48 Rennie, &c.
6,765 | 3:02 Morveau, &c.
2,689 1.2 Muschenbroek.
16,600 7.41 Tredgold.
22,550 10.07 Morveau.

Copper 12, tin 1, cast

1, 10,

1,

9, 1,
Lead, cast

wire
milled sheet

drawn pipe
Siľver, cast

wire
Platinum, wire
Tin, cast

wire
Zinc, cast

sheet wire

::

2,611

2,412

Table 1-continud.–TENBILE Strength of TIMDEN.

Kind of Wood.

Max.

Min.

Mean.

Authority.

Authority.

Max.

Min.

Mead.

iba.

Ibs.

tons,

Ibs.

Ibs.

17,

Kind of Wood.
Ibe,
14,186 6:3

Ihs. tona.
Muschenbroek.
19,500 8.7
Holly

16,000 7.1 Bevan.
Bevan.

Lanoe-wood 17,850 15,784 17,077 7.6

24,690 23,400 24,048, 10:7 6. Barlow. Larch

8,900 4.0 19,600 16,700 18,150' 8:1 2. Bevan.

10, 220 4.6 Rondelet. 12,000 5.4 Muschenbroek. Lignum-vitae

11,800 5:3

Bevan,
11,626 11,388 11,467 5:1 3. Barlow. Mahogany

8,224 7,950 8,041 3.6 3. Barlow.
17,709 7.9 Muschenbroek.

21,800 16,500 19,150 8.5 Bevan. 22,200 9.8 Bevan. Maple

17,400 7.8 15,000 6:7

Oak, English 12,008 8,889 10,389 4.6 6. "Barlow. 20,318 19,595 19,890 8.9 3. "Barlow.

19,800 15,000 17,400 7.8 2. Bevan. 15,500 6.9 Bevan.

,300 7.7 Muschenbroek. 20,000 9:0) Muschenbroek.

13,950 6.2 Rondolet. 11,400 5:1 | Bevan.

Pear-tree

11,537 8,834 9,822 4.4 3. Barlow.
4,973 2.2 Muschenbroek. Pine, St. Petersburg

13,300 5.9 Bevan.
12,100 5.4 Bevan.

7,818 3.5 Muschenbroek.
10,500 4.7

Norway 14,300 12,400 13,350 6.0 Bevan. 13,300 6:0 Muschenbroek. Plane-tree

11,700 5.2 14,000 6.3 Bevan. Plum-tree

11,800 5:3 Muschenbroek. 18,100 17,600 17,850 8.0

6,641 4,596 5,018 2:5 14,000 12,300 12,900 5.8

7,200 3.2 Bevan. 7,000 3:1 Sycamore

13,000 5.8 15,000 6.7

Teak

15,405 14,662 15,090 6.7 3. "Barlow. 10,000 4.5 Muschenbroek. old

8,200 3:7 Bevan.
13,490 6:0

7,800 3.5
14,400 6.4 Bevan.

8,130 3:7 Muschenbroek.
13,448 11,000 12,203 5.5 12. Barlow. Willow

12,500 5.6 10,700 9,200 9,950' 4:4 Bevan.

14,000 6.3 Bevan. 18,000, 8.0 Yew, Spanish

8,000 3.6 20,700 9.2 Hatfield.

STRAIN PERPENDICULAR TO THE GRAIN. 1,700 970, 1,335 596 Tredgold. Memel

810 510 690 .310 Bevan. 2,3161.031 Fir, Scotch

562 250 1,782 796

Poplar ..

Damson
Deal, Norway

Christiania

English
Elder

379,680 169.5 163,000 72.76 56,740 25.33 127,090 56.74 25 425, 600 190.0 182,010 81.24 63,580 28.43 142,520 63.63 27 474,430 211.8 202,770 90·52 70,880 31.64 158,820 70.9023 525,500 234.6 224,780 100-378,540 35.10 176,000 78.57 24 579,490 258.7 247,730 110.6 86,590 38.66 193,970 86.60 25 635,940 283.9 272,010 121•4 94,980 42:47 212,880 95.01 23 695,070 310.3 297,200 132:6 103,870 46:33 232,160 (103.6

2} 1757,120 338.0 323,580 144.4 113,010 50-54 252,920 112:9 3 (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

(13) (14)

are measured at the top of the thread.

gradually rose to a maximum with the 12th, beyond which to the 18th they were progressively reduced. The crushing strain was reduced to its first minimum with the 4th melting, and attained its maximum with the 14th. Taking the iron of the 1st melting as a standard, the maximum increase in strength due to re-melting was 32 per cent. with the tensile ; 41 per cent. with the transverse, and 135 per cent. with the crushing strain. It should be observed that Mr. Fairbairn's experiments did not include the tensile strain : col. 4 in Table 3 has been calculated (499) from the transverse and crushing strains in cols. 2 and 3; the results in col. 4 are very regular among themselves, despite the irregularities in col. 3.

TABLE 3.-Of the Effect of RE-MELTING on the STRENGTH of

CAST IRON.

NOTE. Maximum and minimum results marked *. (7.) It would appear from all this, that the method of obtaining increased strength by re-melting cast iron is very