often the dearest, even in a pecuniary view, that ever was presented to a purchaser. These remarks are offered partly in reference to some useful and pleasing works which will presently be introduced to our readers. But whilst we will always notice and commend Religious Literature, the character of our journal will require us to be general and neutral in our expressions. We can not indulge in controversy, nor promulge our own particular views. D. APPLETON & CO. NEW-YORK, 1844. GEORGE S. APPLETON. PHILADELPHIA. INCIDENTS OF SOCIAL LIFE, AMID THE EUROPEAN ALPS. Translated from the German of J. Heinrich Zschokke. BY LOUIS STRACK. This celebrated and popular German author has already been brought before our readers in several of his tales, which have been translated for the Messenger. "Floretta, or the first love of Henry IV." and "Leaves from the Diary can not better introduce the present volume than by extracting from it the following notice of its author. The late controversy between Drs. Potts and Wain-of a poor Vicar of Wiltshire" will be remembered. We wright has already elicited considerable attention and doubtless, many who, like ourselves, were unable to peruse the articles as they appeared, will rejoice to have them "ZSCHOKKE is a native of Magdeburg, in Prussia, and is preserved for their leisure moments in their present form. now, at seventy-three years of age, a citizen of SwitzerThe origin of the controversy was not a little singular. land-having passed through a very eventful period, and a At the celebration of the New-England Society in New-changeful life; which has enabled him to depict the social York city, on the 22nd of December 1843, the orator of characteristics, principles and actions of those around him, the day, the Hon. Mr. Choate, U. S. Senator from Mass., with a novelty and interest equally racy and instructive. spoke of certain "who had discovered a Government with- His parents died when he was young, and he was thus bereft out a King and a Church without a Bishop," which senti- of their guidance and instructions. He was educated in the ment was received with applause. At the New-England Gymnasium of Magdeburg, which he was enticed to abandinner on the same day, the Rev. Dr. Wainwright of the don suddenly, by a company of theatrical strollers, for Episcopal Church, in responding to a sentiment, alluded to whom he prepared pieces for their exhibition. But he sepathis remark of Mr. Choate and declared that there could rated from those associates in disgust; and entered the Unibe "no Church without a Bishop." The Rev. Dr. Potts versity of Frankfort, where he studied the belles-lettres, espoused the opposite side and a controversy ensued in the with history, philosophy and theology; and at twenty years columns of a newspaper, the Commercial. In a short time, of age entered upon active life, as an instructor of youth. it being supposed that due courtesy was not observed, Dr. Notwithstanding his admitted qualifications, and his soliciWainwright published his views in the paper, without tude, he could not obtain a permanent public appointment reference to Dr. Potts, who animadverted upon them in the as a teacher; and his application also for a professorship in same. The whole series of articles on both sides is now the University of Frankfort, in 1795, was unsuccessful, as presented in the volume before us. it was supposed, through the interference of the Prussian government, whom he had offended. WOLLNER, the Minister of State, entirely controlled Frederic William II., then monarch of Prussia, by facilitating his profligate life, enCouraging his superstitious infatuation, and intimidating Wollner's instigations, the half-idiot king issued his infahim with pretended supernatural appearances. Through mous "RELIGIOUS EDICT," which enjoined a persecuting intolerance and a dogmatic mysticism, altogether incompatible both with the spirit of the age, and the fundamental establishment of the Prussian monarchy. Zschokke wrote and published a powerful philippic against that pernicious measure; and the narrow-minded, implacable Rosicrusian minister obstructed the advancement of his eloquent literary adversary. In consequence of that disappointment, Zschokke determined to make a journey into Italy; but on his way, being invited to superintend the seminary at Reichenau, he began his residence in Switzerland; and through the whole of the agitations of the Swiss Cantons, connected with the changes of the French Revolution, Zschokke was a prominent, indefatigable citizen, and was called by the people to perform official duties of the most important character during that stormy period. THE PICTORIAL BIBLE. We have received the Xth No. of this work, which has already exhausted our appellations. M'CCULLOCH'S UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, No.'s 18 and 19. So that this valuable work is now near its conclusion. Drinker and Morris have all the above for sale. WILEY & PUTNAM. NEW-YORK, 1844. ELEMENTS OF LOGIC, together with an introductory view of Philosophy in general, and a preliminary view of the reason. BY HENRY P. TAPPAN. The oratory and compositions of our country would not be injured by greater attention than is now paid to the study of Logic. The design of the present work is thus clearly explained by the author. "The deductive method comprehends merely the laws which govern inferences or conclusions from premises previously established. These premises may, in their turn, be inferences from other premises and so on, to a certain extent; and just so far this method is all sufficient. But it is evident that the evolution of premises and conclusions, and conclusions and premises, must have a limit. There must be premises which are not conclusions from other premises, but which arise in some other way. Now, a complete and adequate Logic ought to exhibit this other way, likewise it ought to inform us how the most original premises arise, and upon what basis they rest. * : * "The present attempt, therefore, is to make out the system of Logic under its several departments; and to present it not merely as a method of obtaining inferences from truths, but also as a method of establishing those first truths and general principles, which must precede all deduction." The work is handsomely gotten up and is for sale by Drinker and Morris. ANNUALS. Leaflets of Memory and Friendship's Offering. The two brilliant Annuals noticed at length in our September No. have been received for sale, by J. W. Randolph & Co. "Amid his numerous engagements, he published within about twenty years, several valuable works, among which his Histories of the Grisons, of Bavaria, and of Switzerland, and his Pictures of Switzerland are very popular and highly esteemed. A collection of his works in forty volumes appeared some years ago, including his Tales and Biographical and Descriptive Sketches-and from those delineations of Alpine life, the narratives comprised in this volume have been selected." NARRATIVE OF A VISIT TO THE SYRIAN CHURCH OF MESOPOTAMIA; with statements and reflections upon the So far as we have been able to read, this is a highly interesting work. Mr. Southgate's route lay, in part, along that over which Xenophon led "the ten thousand," in their immortal retreat. He strikingly exhibits the tide of civilization that is now setting to the East from the Western world. His views as to the importance of purifying and christianizing these streams of knowledge, that they may bear blessings with them, demand the serious attention of all philanthropists. The debt which the new world owes the old should not only be paid, but be paid in the purest coin of philosophy and religion. FOSTER'S MISCELLANIES, and CHRISTIAN MORALS; EXPERIMENTAL AND PRACTICAL. yet appeared. Each plate will have its botanical and local description, though the chief part of the volume will be composed of original prose tales and poetry, illustrative of the sentiment of the flowers, or associated with the landscape, thus giving the work all the variety of an Annual with something more than the transient interest which generally attaches to such publications. D. APPLETON & Co., Publishers." LEA & BLANCHARD. After the notices for the month had been closed the following works were sent us by Drinker & Morris. Ranke's History of the Popes, 1 vol., in cloth; Dick Turpin, the Highwayman, or Rookwood: A Romance by W. Harrison Ainsworth; with illustrations: The Ameri can Journal of Medical Sciences, Quarterly, for October, and the Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, part XIX. REVIEWS, &c. The Westminster Review. Mr. J. Gill, agent for this Originally delivered as lectures in the Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, England. By John Foster, Author of the Essays on "Decision of Character" and "Popular Ignorance." These two neat volumes are from the pen of the same well known author. The Miscellanies comprise twenty Biographical, Literary and Philosophical Essays, among which is one upon the correspondence of Benjamin Franklin. They were originally contributed to "the Eclectic Re-city, has laid upon our table the September No. of this work, just completing its XLI volume. The Editions of view," which was established "in January 1805, to provide these' Reviews from the press of Leonard Scott & Co. are an antidote to the irreligious spirit, which then pervaded remarkable for their neatness and cheapness, and the pubthe periodical press of the country." Mr. Foster's con-lishers have often surprised us by their expeditious advent, nection with it commenced in 1806, and from that time to 1818 he was a frequent contributor. After that time he also Some fifty of these productions, wrote many articles for it. of which the volume before us contains a part, have been issued in England in two volumes, under the Editorship of Mr. Price, the Editor of the Eclectic Review." No one can peruse the works of Mr. Foster without being improved. He wrote with deep thought and with care, and aimed at a high purpose in his efforts. Chalmers, Horne Tooke, Coleridge, Fox, the Edgeworths, Lord Kames, Hume, Southey, Blair, Beattie, &c. are noticed in the present volume. thus giving proof of unrivalled energy and enterprise. The present No. contains many important articles; among which is a long and severe critique upon Charles James, Bishop of London. Coningsby, that singular union of literature and polities, is also handled. Its philosophy dis paraged, but the merits of D'Israeli acknowledged. We also learn from this No. that a French Review is to be published in New-York, by G. F. Berteau. Subscription, $3 a year. We have received the Democratic Review for October. Henry G. Langley, New-York. It contains nineteen articles on a great variety of subjects, grave and gay, literary and political, and a very good likeness of the Senior Editor of the Richmond Enquirer. view. RURAL TALES PORTRAYING SOCIAL LIFE; and LIFE. These handsome gift books for children need no further commendation, than that they are from the pen of Hannah Moore. THE COURSE OF TIME. By Robert Pollock. With a memoir of the author, and an ample index, compiled expressly for this Edition. THE COMPLAINT, OR NIGHT THOUGHTS. By Edward Young, D. D. Very handsome Editions of these two standard poems. Messrs. Drinker and Morris have all these works for sale. Also the Democratic Monthly Magazine and Western ReColumbus, Ohio. Terms B. B. Taylor, Editor. Whigs are also about to start a monthly journal in NewYork, to be conducted by Geo. H. Colton. Having no con nection with politics, we can only announce these several works. North American Review:-Graham's History of the Uni ted States. In addition to the regular contents of the North American, we would invite attention to the proposals of Messrs. Quincy, Story, Sparks and Prescott, for an Ame rican Edition of Graham's History of the United States. Mr. Graham was a Scotchman, friendly to this country, and spent much time and money in procuring the materials for his History, which he has prepared with great care and diiigence. Owing to his peculiar views on some subjects, views unsuited to the institutions of Great Britain, the carculation of the work has been greatly restricted; and be died before he received any reward for his extensive labors. His son has now presented a copy of the work and the original MS. to the Library of Harvard University. As some return for this liberality and in order to introduce the work to our public, the distinguished gentlemen above propose to edit an American Edition, the profits of which, if NATURE'S GEMS. BY EMMA C. EMBURY. We had the pleasure of examining this native production, in its unfinished state, a short time since, at the publishers. From our inspection we feel confident that it will meet every expectation that is raised by the subjoined advertisement. The native haunts in which the flowers ap-any, are to be invested in some way for the promotion of pear are not mere pictures of fancy, but in many instances accurate views of lovely and picturesque scenes in America, where Nature has been so lavish in displaying her charms. "A purely American work will be published in a few days-Nature's Gems; or, American Flowers in their Native Haunts, by Emma C. Embury, with Twenty Plates of Plants, carefully colored after nature, and Landscape Views of their localities, from drawings taken on the spot, by E. W. Whittlefield, forming one elegant quarto volume, printed on the finest paper, and richly bound. "This beautiful work will undoubtedly form a "Gift Book" for all seasons of the year. It will be illustrated with twenty colored engravings of indigenous flowers, taken from flowers made, and in most cases colored on the spot where they were found, while each flower is accompanied by a view of some striking feature of American scenery. The literary plan of the book differs entirely from that of any other work on a similar subject which has American Historical research. Though we expect to find a strong bias in the Historian, yet as a general history of the United States, by an able writer, we desire to see it patronized and we cordially recommend it. It will be pablished by Messrs. Little and Brown of Boston, in 4 vols. $2 each, as soon as two hundred and fifty subscribers are obtained. Address Delivered at the Meeting of the Association of Ame rican Geologists and naturalists, held in Washington, May, 1844. By Henry D. Rogers, Professor of Geology in the University of Pennsylvania; F. G. S., &c. We return our thanks for this production. Geology is one of those Departments in which American has had somet... like a fair start with European Science; and amongst Amen can Geologists, Professor Henry Rogers and his brother W B. Rogers, of the University of Virginia, stand precmicest Not only has an extensive Home reputation rewarded a stimulated their efforts, but transatlantic honors have been awarded them. "The progress of geological Research 16 the United States" is here sketched by a master hand. The young ladies met at breakfast the next morn- more proper and decorous, or more sure to give no ing with all the warmth which characterizes new-pain." born and violent friendships. This is a sort of "A beautiful picture of a negative character!" hot-house growth which requires forcing. Hence exclaimed Miss Bernard. "But an outline indeed; its early fervor, and hence too the frailty which exposes it to destruction from the first breath of the harsh atmosphere of every day life. They soon withdrew from the breakfast room to a snug little back parlor. There Gertrude was soon deep in the confidence of Miss Bernard, and, in return for this, having little else to communicate, gave the history of the few hours she had spent in Wash-over me, before I could permit myself to think at ington. In this nothing seemed so much to interest Miss Bernard as the attentions of Colonel Harlston, and the description of his equipage. "What a brilliant turn out," said she. "But the gentleman? That is the main point. Handsome? Agreeable? Intelligent? Genteel ?" "Handsome certainly," said Gertrude. "To me quite agreeable. As to the other points, Ignorance and Awkardness are incompetent to judge of them." "How humble we are!" said Miss Bernard. "But you will soon learn to have more confidence in your judgment." "I hope not, unless I become better qualified to judge." but, in such a case, the outline is all that can be expected. Doubtless true to the life, as we always feel assured, when we see the hand of a master in the execution. Well! Ladies do not fall in love with negatives; and you must see him with other eyes, before your heart is in any danger." "Some terrible infatuation must indeed come all of one who only thinks of me as the protegée "You are certainly right," said Miss Bernard. "But it is not always that we can even act rightly, and to think and feel as we ought, is often exceedingly difficult. I am not sure how I might be affected, under any circumstances, by the attentions of a handsome, well-bred, elever man, with high "That you will, of course; and I venture to pre-birth, high station and a large fortune to back him. dict, that, when that time comes, all the judgments But I need not pray to be kept from such temptayou now form in secret will be ratified. To test tion. I am in no danger of it." this, tell me what you think now, that we may compare it with what you will think a month hence." "Well then I have seen men whose conversation was more original and interesting than Colonel Harlston's; but not more free from folly or absur-me." dity. I have seen men whose manners were more "If that be so," said Miss Bernard, in that pecuengaging, and better calculated to please; but not liar tone which had already struck the ear of Ger VOL. X-89 "And why not? My life upon it, that as soon as Colonel Harlston is introduced to you as the friend and guest of my aunt, he will pay you just the same sort of attention with which he has honored trude so forcibly, "I shall have to school myself had been, was still a beautiful woman. She was in the duties which a woman owes to her sex. The precisely at that time of life, when a lady's desire first is, never to give her hand without her heart; to get married begins to be stimulated by the fear the second, never to give her heart unsought. If, of failure, and a consciousness that the fleeting acting thus, her lot should prove unhappy, she may charms, which the hand of time has not yet imreproach her fate, but not herself." paired, may vanish before another season. But if The beautiful eyes of Gertrude were lifted with her beauty was not so fresh as it had been, it was a glance of approbation, which plainly showed how more mature and mellow. If her manner had lost exactly the speaker had expressed her thoughts. the artless grace of extreme youth, its place was At the moment she said nothing; but her mind well supplied by address and tact. She still represently recurred to her mother, and was soon tained at command the wild and playful notes and engaged in devising some palliatives for the very gleeful laugh, which give a charm to all the pretty different doctrines taught by her. nothings that fall from the lips of "bread and butter misses;" and these she changed, in a moment, and as if unconsciously, to a deep and tender tone, which, coming in the close of a sentence, seemed to indicate that whatever of folly, frivolity or vanity she might have just uttered, had not come from the heart. Such as did not think it foolish, frivolous "Is there no allowance," she said, uttering the ideas as they rose in her mind, “to be made for the peculiar circumstances in which a poor girl is sometimes placed? Without property, dependent perhaps on those who are too rich to feel for her, or on those too poor to bear the burthen; sometimes alone in the world; sometimes connected with or vain, might not perceive the disclaimer: and others helpless and destitute as herself, whose only hope of escape from penury is in the chance of her making an advantageous match! In such a case, the world ought to be merciful in its judgments, nor add to the pangs which self-reproach, perhaps disappointed love, might inflict on their victim." "The suffering of the victim," said Miss Bernard gravely, "is the punishment of her crime. The world has no need to enhance its severity, but should not dissemble its condemnation." hence it was quite possible that two persons of different ways of thinking might each be led by the same sentence to impute to her sentiments exactly in accordance with his own. Time too had enlarged her experience, extended her acquaintance with books, and increased her powers of conversation, while the accomplishments of music, dancing, drawing, &c., in all of which she excelled, remained a fixed quantity. Miss Bernard was, upon the whole, not less "But, in the last case, there is nothing to con- attractive than at her first appearance in society; demn but the sacrifice of her own happiness to a and, as it was certainly her fault that she was not sense of duty. Suppose it mistaken! Is selfish- long since well married, and as she was now fully ness so rare that we can afford to censure disin-determined that it should be her fault no longer, terestedness? May we not rather trust to self-love she came to Washington with a fair prospect of to secure the world from the frequent commission leaving it, as the wife of some wealthy Southern of any crimes which imply self-abandonment?" "You may be right; but having never had occasion to think of such a case as one in which I might be called on to decide for myself how to act, I have perhaps never considered it as I ought. I am not rich; but I am not dependent; and no one has any claims upon me. We do not know ourselves. Differently circumstanced 1 might think differently." planter, or Northern merchant. It is remarkable, by the way, how little importance ladies seem to attach to the difference between the two. Man is said to be an animal of all climates, and this is most especially true of the female of the species. The condor of the Andes does not more readily exchange the frigid atmosphere, in which he floats above the clouds, for the burning soil of the Pampas, than a lady will pass from the bleak rocks of New Hamp"Oh no! You would not; nor did I myself mean shire to the sands and swamps of Florida. The more than to offer a plea for mercy on behalf of man and the fortune are the essentials. Climate, those, who, if they sin, must suffer for their sin." friends, manners, habits, tone of society, pestilence The ingenuous simplicity of Gertrude's manner of the physical or moral atmosphere-all these are made it impossible to doubt the sincerity of this but accidents. But this is a digression. assurance. Whether Miss Bernard was equally I have said it was Miss Bernard's fault that she sincere in her professions, or no, she at least ascer- was not already well married. tained, to her entire satisfaction, the true senti- rated her pretensions too high. It was true, as she ments of Gertrude on this point. She had indeed had said, that, though not rich, she was not dependent. She lived on her own income, which, being sufficient to supply the expenses of a fashionable young lady, was, of course, enough for the essential comfort of a plain family. She was not driven by the scowl or sneer of reluctant charity to throw made no profession, and much that she had said, in a spirit of charity to others who might think differently, was susceptible of being quoted against her in proof that she did not think very unfavorably of mercenary matches. How so? She had Miss Bernard, though not quite so young as she herself into the arms of the first man that might offer. Her celibacy wronged no one. erred in not perceiving that, though her little fortune than a difference of style, kindly designed by Provimade marriage not necessary as a means of inde-dence to accommodate different tastes with objects pendence, yet it added little or nothing to her value best suited to each. But she no means sure that she was aware of any thing more CHAPTER VII. in the estimation of the sort of man she wished to marry. To a poor man it might be a great inducement. To one as rich as herself it might be a matter of importance to double his income with his expenses. To the affluent lord of thousands it The conversation I have detailed was interrupted was of no consequence at all. But she was not yet by a summons to the drawing-room, where the fully sensible of this; and it was with no small in- young ladies found several gentlemen who had terest that she heard of Colonel Harlston, whose dropped in to make a morning call. Among these character, station and wealth, came exactly up to the was Colonel Harlston, come to pay his respects to idea of the man she proposed to secure to herself. Miss Courtney, and express a hope that she had Unluckily Gertrude had two days the start of her, experienced no inconvenience from the fatigue of and hence the purposes and character of that young her drive the day before. The formal commonlady became an interesting study to her. One place of this enquiry afforded Miss Bernard an oppoint was ascertained. She was not a woman to portunity of scanning the person and air of the marry without love, and in this it was important to gentleman; and the result of her observation was confirm her. In the second place, she had no design so decidedly favorable as to determine her to win upon Colonel Harlston, for he had manifestly made him if possible. For the present his attention was no impression on her heart. But she might take occupied by Gertrude, and the studied decorum, a fancy to him, and this was, if possible, to be pre-and somewhat formal propriety of his manner, and vented. But should she do so, there would be no the hackneyed strain of the little that passed beharm done, unless he, in turn, should take a fancy tween them gave no reason to expect that the conto her. Against this Miss Bernard determined to versation would take such a turn as to engage take the best security, by outshining her on every others to join in it. But conversation was Miss occasion. Gertrude danced with simple grace, Bernard's forte: and, seated by the side of Gerand sang over her work, but not in company. She trude, she could hardly fail to find an opportunity played on no instrument, and the utmost of her to make Colonel Harlston aware of her existence. achievements with the pencil was to sketch the fea- "You have only visited the environs of Washtures of a friend. She had read some books and ington as yet, Miss Courtney," said the Colonel. good books too; but she never talked out of them," You have seen little of the city I believe.” and one might converse with her for hours without "I declare I do not know," said Gertrude smiling, suspecting that she was familiar with all the beau-" for it is hard to say where the city ends and the ties of our best poets, or even finding out that she environs begin." had read a line of their works. Now Miss Bernard was the opposite of all this. She was highly and thoroughly accomplished in every company her powers of entertainment were relied on to make the hours pass pleasantly away; and opportunities of showing to the best advantage those charms and graces, in which Gertrude would bear no comparison, were sure to come unsought. On the score of beauty she had some misgivings. It is by no means sure that a lady sees in the glass the same face she carries into company. The expression of admiring love is a beautiful thing, especially to him to whom it is directed. When a lady looks admiringly into her glass, she sees an image that looks admiringly at her. I know no other way to account for the fact that women who must be conscious of beauty are very apt to overrate their charms; while one who knows herself to be homely turns from the mirror with a feeling of disgust, aggravated by the offensive expression of disgust thrown back at her. But whatever may be thought of this theory, it is certain that the superiority of Gertrude's beauty to that of Miss Bernard was much more manifest to others than to Miss Bernard herself. Indeed it is by 66 'Say rather," said Miss Bernard, in a playful undertone, "that it is hard to say where the environs end and the city begins." It may be then," said Gertrude, "that I have not yet entered the city. If so, Colonel Harlston must be right in supposing that I have seen nothing of it." "Pardon me, Miss Courtney," said a young lawyer. "The question, 'city or no city,' is a question not of fact but of law; and whatever you may think, and whatever your senses may testify, in the city you are, and in the city you must be for many a weary mile: so that, unless you have taken a very long drive, it may be questioned whether, except in coming to Washington, you have seen any thing of the environs. It is matter of law too, that that dirty puddle is the Tiber, that that marsh is an avenue, that that hill is the Capitoline, and that within the walls of that building the wisdom of the nation is assembled." S "That, Ludwell," said Colonel Harlston, certainly the most violent fiction of them all, seeing that you are not there." "Thank you, Colonel. That is a fair hit, pro |